Comparison of Crinipellis perniciosa isolates from Brazil by ERIC repetitive element sequence-based PCR genomic fingerprinting

Fifty isolates of Crinipellis perniciosa originating from Theobroma cacao , Heteropterys acutifolia and Solanum lycocarpum , from six states within Brazil, were characterized through ERIC-PCR, representing the first application of this method for molecular characterization within C. perniciosa . Phenetic analysis of banding patterns revealed a separation of isolates on the basis of host of origin, with T. cacao -derived isolates showing only a 0·2 similarity level to a cluster comprising the isolates from H. acutifolia and S. lycocarpum . Considerable intraspecific variability was observed within C. perniciosa isolates from T. cacao , with distinct groups observed correlating with geographical origin. Given that a number of isolates from T. cacao from the Amazon region grouped with isolates from Bahia state, this work discusses the possibility that current C. perniciosa populations pathogenic on T. cacao in Bahia originated from the Amazon region, rather than from alternative host plants.     

ERIC-PCR技术在平菇菌株鉴定中的应用

研究了ER IC-PCR技术在平菇栽培菌株鉴定中的应用.结果表明,在22个供试平菇菌株和对照香菇菌株中,ER IC-PCR扩增出的条带清晰,重复性好,多态性高.聚类分析表明,在聚类重新标定距离为15的水平上,23个菌株聚类成8大类群:糙皮侧耳栽培菌株分别归属第1和第2大类群;秀珍菇5号、4011、白灵菇2号、杏鲍菇、鲍鱼菇和香菇分别独立地聚类为不同的大类群.在聚类重新标定距离为20时,鲍鱼菇和香菇聚类在一起,其他平菇菌株聚类在一起.这表明ER IC-PCR技术可以应用于平菇栽培菌株的鉴定,但也说明该技术在食用菌分类鉴定应用上的局限性,同时也说明食用菌需要多相分类鉴定.     

腹泻仔猪肠道菌群的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

【目的】分析腹泻仔猪周围环境菌群变化规律,为仔猪腹泻的诊断和治疗提供支持。【方法】采集健康对照和腹泻仔猪粪便、口腔以及产床和母猪乳头等样品,采用ERIC-PCR技术分析其菌群结构特征,并对粪便样品中的细菌进行分离和鉴定。【结果】对照组4类样品细菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱十分相似,腹泻组各类样品之间电泳条带差异较大,出现了异常亮度的电泳条带,与对照组优势条带位置不同,其中口腔和母猪乳头部位电泳条带数显著低于对照组(P0.05),菌群多样性指数降低,优势度指数升高。从粪便样品中分离出2株可疑菌株b1和b2,细菌染色和生化试验初步证明分离株b1和b2分别符合大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的特征;利用ERIC-PCR技术分析分离株b1和b2的指纹图谱,发现分离优势细菌的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱包含于粪便样品的ERIC-PCR图谱中,证明样品的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱能够反映出优势菌群的特征;测序结果显示,分离株b1与大肠杆菌基因组同源性为99%,分离株b2与奇异变形杆菌基因组同源性为98%。【结论】腹泻仔猪周围环境菌群发生明显变化,ERIC-PCR技术可以快速、准确地监测和诊断菌群结构的变化,有助于细菌性仔猪腹泻的诊断和治疗。     

Effect of Daidzein on Ileum Microflora Biodiversity in Hy-Line Variety Brown Layers

Daidzein is always added into poultry feed to make the production performance and immunity of poultry better. In this study, a total of 600 40-week-old Hy-Line variety brown layers were randomized into five groups and fed with a corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg · kg^-1 daidzein, respectively. Then, two PCR-based typing methods（RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR） were combined to analyze the ileum content and explore the changes of ileum microflora biodiversity. The results of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR showed that bands under 10 mg · kg^-1 and 50 mg · kg^-1 were the most, and their similarity was the largest. Bands under 500 mg · kg^-1 were the least and similarity with other groups was the minimum. Ileum microflora biodiversity under 10 mg · kg^-1 or 50 mg · kg^-1 was richer than that under 500 mg · kg^-1. A corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 10 mg · kg^-1 to 50 mg · kg^-1 of daidzein might be beneficial to Hy-Line variety brown layers intestinal bacteria.     

鸡舍内外环境中气载大肠杆菌同源性的分子鉴定

采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS离心式采样器在5个鸡场舍内空气、舍外上风向和下风向不同距离收集气载大肠杆菌;并收集鸡的粪便,分离大肠杆菌。利用大肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列为引物的聚合酶链式反应（ERIC-PCR）分型技术,扩增不同测量点收集的大肠杆菌的DNA图谱。通过每个采样点的大肠杆菌的浓度变化以及大肠杆菌遗传相似性分析确认动物舍微生物气溶胶向舍外环境的传播。结果显示：5个鸡舍内空气中大肠杆菌的浓度远远高于舍外上风和下风向的大肠杆菌浓度（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,但是舍外不同距离间的大肠杆菌浓度差异并不显著（P〉0.05）。同样,ERIC-PCR结果表明,从鸡的粪便中分离的大肠杆菌与从舍内空气中分离的部分大肠杆菌（34.1%）,以及从鸡场舍外下风方向分离到的多数大肠杆菌（54.5%）与从舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠杆菌相似性可达100%。而从鸡舍上风向分离到的大肠杆菌与从舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠杆菌相似性为73%-92%。从而说明来自动物体的大肠杆菌既能污染舍内空气,又能对其周围的环境构成污染。本研究揭示了微生物气溶胶的传播规律,具有公共卫生及流行病学意义。     

Differentiation Between Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA-PCR and ERIC-PCR

16S rDNA and ERIC （Enterobacteia Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequences） based on PCR method were tested for the effectiveness of the differentiation of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus. 16S rDNA-PCR primers were designed based on the sequence difference in variable regions of B. cereus 16S rDNA and B. thuringiensis 16S rDNA, 16S rDNA-PCR showed no obvious difference between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. The only difference was that one 1600-bp amplificon could be obtained from all the three B. Cereus strains, and none amplificon from any B. thuringiensis strains. ERIC was optimized based on previous reports. The genonlic DNA was used for the template of ER1C-PCR, and the following DNA fingerprints were analyzed by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that DNA fingerprint of three B. thuringiensis strains had a unique amplicon less than 100-bp, while DNA fingerprint of three B. cereus＂ strains had none. Moreover, DNA fingerprint of B. cereus showed a 700-bp amplicon, but didn＇t have any DNA fingerprints ofB. thuringiensis genome. Therefore, ERIC-PCR technique should be able to be used for the differentiation of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus.     

Molecular Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Common Carp in Northeast China

A total of 59 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were collected from common carp suffering from freshwater fish hemorrhage disease in 13 fishing grounds in the northeast China, and their phenotypic and genetic characteristics were investigated. All of the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by traditional biochemical method and yielded a 686-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rDNA gene in the PCR experiments. Collected strains were also evaluated for their susceptibility to 17 different antibiotics. The isolates showed an even trend of the resistance and sensitivity to drugs, highly sensitive to antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin, PolymyxinB, Ofloxacin and resistant to antibiotics, such as Bristopen, Lincomycin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin. Evaluation of genetic diversity was performed on all isolates by molecular typing with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) method. The results showed that three different types, i.e. type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ, were found in 59 isolates and type III accounted for a large proportion of 54.84%. There was no dominant difference between the tendency of the isolates of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in these three types, which showed Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ, while the isolates of Liaoning Province showed Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. The percentage of different types in different provinces varied in each other; however, they didn’t show any obvious regional or cluster-specific branches. In conclusion, the ability to distinguish Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diseased common carp with ERIC-PCR would be useful for epidemiological investigation and population genetic analysis of this pathogen in China.     

新疆部分地区牛羊源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌菌株检测与分析

产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli，STEC）是一类携带了前噬菌体编码的一种或两种志贺毒素基因的新发高致病性食源性病原菌，已成为威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题。为了解新疆部分地区牛、羊源各个环节产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的感染情况及其遗传多样性，以及分离株对17种常见抗生素的敏感性，笔者采用PCR方法对STEC分离株进行了4种毒力基因（stx1、stx2、eae、hlyA）的检测和ERIC-PCR基因分型研究。结果表明：从屠宰场、养殖场和市场共431份样品中分离出产志贺毒素的大肠埃希菌64株，其中，编码stx1+stx2的STEC有31株（48.4%），只编码stx1的STEC有29株（45.3%），只编码stx2的STEC有4株（6.3%），4种毒力基因同时存在的有1株。药物敏感性检测发现STEC菌株对麦迪霉素（61%）、头孢噻吩（4.7%）、头孢西丁（4.7%）、氨苄西林（3.1%）、哌拉西林（1.6%）、妥布霉素（1.6%）、头孢唑啉（1.6%）等7种抗生素存在耐药。ERIC-PCR检测结果呈多态性分布，分为A（36株）和B（28株）两个簇。STEC菌株在新疆部分地区牛、羊源各个环节被检出，其中一些菌株可能会增加对食物的污染，从而引起人发病。     

患兔流行性腹胀病家兔肠道菌群结构的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

[目的]建立患兔流行性腹胀病家兔肠道细菌的DNA指纹图谱,并分析其肠道菌群结构特征的整体差异。[方法]提取流行性腹胀病兔及健康兔肠道内容物细菌总DNA,应用肠杆菌基因间重复共有序列基因扩增技术(ERIC-PCR)建立肠道菌群的DNA指纹图谱,并分析其整体差异。[结果]病兔大肠样本DNA条带明显少于健康兔对照,而小肠样本在二者间无明显差异,说明病兔与健康兔大肠肠道菌群存在整体差异。病兔大肠样本DNA在约350 bp处出现1条主带,同时伴有若干较弱的带,而健康兔对照大肠样本DNA条带均无明显规律。病兔大肠肠道的微生物群落多样性指数为(2.03±0.49),健康兔大肠肠道的微生物群落多样性指数为(3.30±0.31),差异极显著(P0.01)。[结论]兔流行性腹胀病发病兔大肠中肠道菌群结构多样性降低,可能存在单一或几种特定的肠道优势菌群。     

SPF仔猪肠道菌群结构的分子分析

目的：对SPF（Specific Pathogen Free）仔猪断奶前后的肠道菌群组成进行动态监测,并以普通饲养仔猪（自然分娩）为对照作相关分子微生物生态学分析.方法：利用剖腹取胎的方式将仔猪从母体子宫中取出放于屏障系统中饲养,于7日龄时转移至消毒的开放式环境中,14日龄断奶,分别于10日龄、16日龄和22日龄以及32日龄采集仔猪新鲜粪便样品.提取粪便样品中细菌总DNA,获得其ERIC-PCR指纹图谱,再将其中一个样品的ERIC-PCR产物以地高辛标记为混合探针通过杂交对指纹图谱上DNA条带序列的异同进一步比较.结果：SPF仔猪和普通仔猪在断奶后肠道菌群的组成发生较大变化,而且SPF仔猪的肠道菌群和普通仔猪有显著差异.