腐殖物质特异性及其产生机制

腐殖物质(HS)是天然有机质的主体,其组成、结构十分复杂。之所以称其为一类物质,就是基于他们具有不同于其形成前体的化学组成与结构特征的共性,或称"特异性",即在腐殖化过程中形成新的化学组合,甚至是"特异的"结合方式。但经历近200年的探索,人们对这种"特异性"的认识仍然不清楚,并缺少实验上的证据。加之近几年,一些研究结果被不适当的推演,HS的"特异性"更加受到质疑。HS到底有无"特异性"?"特异性"是什么?这涉及HS生物化学的根基,必须进行深入研究和回答。本文对已有的一些研究报道,包括HS的特异性、生物分子单体与HS结构特征的比较、基于生物多样性(进化)的天然生物材料与HS形成、HS形成机理及胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)形成顺序、矿物黏粒催化与HS形成、异核单量子相干谱(HSQC)和总相关谱(TOCSY)、傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)和C1s软X射线近边吸收精细结构(NEXAFS)同步辐射技术应用等进行综合评述,并提出HS化学进一步研究的方向。     

沼液复合型杀虫剂的药效研究

对5种沼液复合型杀虫剂药效显著性进行了研究,结果表明:沼液复合型杀虫剂的药效显著性最大的是BP02号,而BP04号、BPO1号、BP05号和BP03号沼液复合型杀虫剂的药效显著性依次减弱,但均高于原沼液.     

The impact of fossils on the Evolutionary Distinctiveness and conservation status of the Australian lungfish

The recognition of phylogenetic information for evaluating conservation priorities has stressed the importance of basal taxa. The “Evolutionary Distinctiveness” index (ED) is a species-specific index that includes branch length expressed as an absolute value measured in millions of years that can be applied to a single terminal taxon in a phylogeny. The ED depends on the tree pattern, i.e. of a cladogram included into a time-scale. When calculated for the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodusforsteri), a threatened dipnoan that occurs naturally only in southeast Queensland, the ED index shows variable value according to the chosen tree. On the basis of a recently proposed phylogeny including a new fossil find from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand, the ED value reaches the highest value for piscine sarcopterygians, and for all vertebrates, and thus reinforces the “originality” of this fish. This example points out the importance of fossils in the resolution of phylogenies and beyond, in the calculation of indexes supporting conservation decisions.     

A phylogenetic perspective on biodiversity patterns of Afrotropical freshwater crabs (Crustacea,Decapoda, Potamonautidae)

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