硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用

[目的]研究硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用。[方法]以离心脱皂油为试样,硅藻土为吸附剂,研究豆油无水脱皂的最佳条件。[结果]硅藻土用量为0.5%,吸附温度为110℃,吸附时间为25 min时,所得的油样残皂为68.5 mg/kg,残磷为1.317 mg/kg,均优于工业上水洗脱皂后的油品质量。[结论]硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用是可行的。     

Ru/硅藻土催化对苯二酚加氢制1,4-环己二醇

采用浸渍-化学沉淀法制备了Ru/硅藻土加氢催化剂,并采用SEM、EDS等表征手段对催化剂结构进行了测试。同时考察了Ru/硅藻土对对苯二酚加氢性能评价,实验结果表明:在Ru/硅藻土催化剂0.5 g,反应压力3.2 MPa、反应温度为150℃、反应时间5.0 h的条件下,对苯二酚的转化率为89.7%,1,4-环己二醇的选择性为72.0%。主要副产物有环己醇和4-羟基环己酮等。     

硅藻土基质配方对盆栽观赏辣椒生长的影响

研究了五彩椒在硅藻土、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩4种组分按不同比例配成的5种混合基质下的生长差异,试验采用了一种自制的自动连续精确控水盆栽装置,并为所有处理设置了相同的供水吸力,用于分析5种不同基质的吸水能力.结果表明:硅藻土是一种优良的基质添加成分,其吸水、保水性能均优于蛭石和珍珠岩;试验同时得出:50%草炭+25%蛭石+25%硅藻土、40%草炭+20%蛭石+20%珍珠岩+20%硅藻土2种基质配方比其它基质配方更理想,相对于其它3种基质配方,这2种配方基质理化性质更好,吸水、保水、保肥能力都强于其它基质量配方,栽培下的五彩椒生理指标和形态指标更优,值得进一步研究与推广.     

Determination of Normal Values Using an Automated Coagulation Timer for Activated Coagulation Time and its Application in Dogs with Hemophilia

The present study was performed to determine normal values for the Medtronic HemoTec automated activated coagulation time (ACT) analyzer (Medtronic HemoTec Inc, Parker, CO, distributed in Switzerland by Convergenza AG, Vaduz, Liechtenstein), and to evaluate its ability to detect dogs with hemophilia. ACT was measured in 43 healthy dogs presented to the Companion Animal Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, with the Medtronic HemoTec ACT analyzer to determine normal values. The mean +/- 2 standard deviations (SDs) of the values obtained was defined as the normal range. ACT was measured 8-10 times on the same day in 6 dogs to determine repeatability. ACT also was measured in 11 dogs with hemophilia and compared with a conventional visual ACT measurement test and with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). ACT values of the 43 dogs used to determine normal values ranged from 66.5 to 97.0 seconds (mean, 79.3 seconds; SD, 7.35 seconds; median, 78.5 seconds). A range of 64-95 seconds (mean +/- 2 SDs) was defined as the normal range for the tested device. Repeatability was poor (r = 0.256). ACT values measured with the automated device did not correlate with ACT values measured with a conventional visual test or with APTT Sensitivity of the test was 90.9%, specificity was 98.0%, and accuracy was 96.7%. Variability in the test results was large and may lead to incorrect results. The automated measurement device was not superior to the conventional visual method in evaluating dogs with hemophilia.     

A novel purification method of artemisinin from Artemisia annua

Treatment of uncomplicated malaria relies heavily on the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin (ART), derived from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua. It is currently used as the first line treatment in the form of ART combination therapies in which different ART derivatives are combined with a non ART-like drug, which displays a different mechanism of action. This treatment regime is prescribed by the WHO in order to (1) effectively treat uncomplicated malaria and (2) to reduce the risk that drug resistance will develop. Considering the importance of ART in this treatment regime, various methods have been developed to increase the global production of ART. These methods include: large scale solvent extraction and purification from high yielding A. annua varieties, chemical/semi-chemical synthesis of artemisinin, and genetic engineering of unrelated organisms to produce ART in high quantities. Currently most of the commercial approaches to produce ART are based on solvent extraction and purification from the plant material. Classical extraction solvents include hexane or petroleum ether while ethanol, which is a more polar solvent, has recently been shown to be equally efficient. We developed a purification method from an ethanolic extract by using a diatomite-based purification protocol. Various volumes and ratios of solvents and diatomite were tested which resulted in ≥98% pure ART with a total recovery of around 60%. Our protocol for the isolation of ART may form a commercial scale alternative as it is both economically attractive due to the small amounts of purification materials needed and also environmentally friendlier than the methods previously described.     

Effects of diatomite on soil physical properties

Organic and inorganic soil amendments are commonly added to soil for improving its physical and chemical characteristics which promote plant growth. Although many inorganic amendments are extensively used for this purpose, diatomite (DE) is not commonly used. This study was conducted to determine effects of diatomite applications (10, 20, and 30% v/v) on physical characteristics of soils with different textures (Sandy Loam, Loam, and Clay), under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that diatomite application protects large aggregate (> 6.4 mm) formation in clay-textured soils, however it reduced the mean weight diameter in sand-textured soil. 30% diatomite reduced mean weight diameter in sand-textured soils from 1.74 to 1.49 mm. Diatomite applications significantly increased aggregate stability of all the experimental soils in all aggregate size fractions. In overall, aggregate stability increased from 28.04% to 45.70% with the application rate of 30%. Diatomite application also significantly increased soil moisture content at field capacity in SL textured soil. 30% diatomite increased field capacity in sand-textured soil in the percent of 43.78 as compared with control. Therefore it is suggested that diatomite may be considered as a soil amendment agent for improving soil physical characteristics. However, its effectiveness in enhancing soil properties depends on initial soil factors and texture. Moreover, since its protective effect against large aggregate (> 6.4 mm) formation and reducing effect on soil penetration resistance in clay textured soils, diatomite might be an alternative soil amendment agent in soil tillage practices and seedling.     

酸改性硅藻土预处理垃圾渗滤液中COD研究

该研究对硅藻土进行酸改性,并用来预处理垃圾渗滤液。研究得出2 mol/L硫酸为最佳酸改性剂,酸改性硅藻土预处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳投加量为6 g/L,最佳pH为4.5,最佳搅拌时间为25 min,此时对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除率为33.1%,去除效果较为理想,具有一定的经济可行性。     

多孔材料对黑曲霉生长作用的研究

[目的]探究多孔材料对黑曲霉生长的影响。[方法]以膨胀石墨和硅藻土为添加剂,将其加入PDA培养基中,观察其对黑曲霉的作用。[结果]培养24 h后,加入膨胀石墨的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径大于对照。加入硅藻土的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径与对照差异不显著。培养48 h后,加入膨胀石墨的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径大于硅藻土,且2种培养基中的黑曲霉菌落直径均大于对照。[结论]培养24 h后,膨胀石墨对黑曲霉有促菌作用,而硅藻土无明显作用;培养48 h后,膨胀石墨对黑曲霉促菌作用优于硅藻土;72 h后,膨胀石墨及硅藻土对黑曲霉促菌作用差异不显著。     

硅藻土与沸石对大白菜废弃物沤制效果影响

为实现农村生活有机废弃物资源化利用目标,本试验以春夏季大白菜废弃物为供试材料,通过18天自然简易沤制,研究添加硅藻土(15 g/kgFW)和沸石(10、20 g/kgFW)对大白菜沤液中pH值、铵态氮、可溶性磷、可溶性钾4个指标含量的影响。结果表明,与不添加物料对照比,各处理沤液中的pH值差异不大,均在6.56~6.70之间;沤液中铵态氮含量较对照增加3.13%~52.98%;可溶性磷含量均有不同程度下降,降幅为11.34%~28.45%;可溶性钾含量仅以高量沸石处理的降幅最大,为23.32%。经综合评价得出,叶菜类蔬菜废弃物沤制添加硅藻土的效果要好于沸石。     

固相支持液液萃取气相色谱-质谱联用测定电子烟液中的16种多环芳烃

[目的]建立固相支持液液萃取气相色谱-质谱联用测定电子烟液中的16种多环芳烃的方法。[方法]电子烟烟液样品中加入少量水,振荡均匀,充分分散在硅藻土固相支持液-液萃取柱中,用环己烷萃取,萃取液浓缩后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪实现电子烟烟液中16种多环芳烃的测定。[结果]试验表明,16种多环芳烃在0.02~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R20.999),加标回收率在91%~101%,日内精密度(RSD)在2.74%~6.54%,日间精密度(RSD)在3.04%~7.56%,检出限(LOD)为0.012~0.133 ng/g。[结论]与传统方法相比,该方法检测时间显著缩短,有机溶剂消耗较少,更符合绿色分析的要求,并可降低分析成本。