Three SNPs within exons of INHA and ACVR2B genes are significantly associated with litter size in Dazu black goats

The aim of this study was to analyse the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within INHA and ACVR2B and litter size in Dazu black goats. In total, twenty-two SNPs were genotyped in 190 individuals by SNaPshot and resequencing. The results showed that three SNPs (SNP_1, SNP_12 and SNP_13 in this study) were detected to have significant additive genetic effect on the recorded goat litter size (p < .05). The SNP_1 (NC_030809.1), a non-synonymous substitution of G for T at chr2-g. 28314990 in the exon 2 of INHA gene (NM_001285606.1), resulted in homozygote 2 (HOM2) contributed 0.25 and heterozygote (HET) contributed 0.12 larger litter than homozygote 1 (HOM1). Meanwhile, SNP_12 (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T) and SNP_13 (Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) (NC_030829.1) simultaneously mutated at the first and third position of a triplet AAA (lysine, K) in the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene (XM_018066623.1) had estimated genetic effects of HOM1 (0.00) and HOM2 (0.03) larger than HET (−0.12). In conclusion, one SNPs (chr2-g. 28314990 T > G) within the exon 2 of INHA and two SNPs (Chr22-g. 11721225 A > T and Chr22-g. 11721227 A > C) i n the exon 4 of ACVR2B gene were highly recommended as candidate markers of litter size in Dazu black goats. A large-scale association study to assess the impact of these variants on litter size is still necessary.     

鸡的微卫星DNA标记与胴体性状的相关分析

测定了青脚麻鸡与隐性白鸡杂交后自交的F2代个体的全净堂重、全净堂率、脂肪宽带、腹脂重和腹脂率6个胴体性状,检测10个微卫星DNA标记,对标记基因型胴体性状值进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明:MCW328对于10周龄体重和全净膛重两性状各基因型均有显著的差异(P<0.05);ADL292对于腹脂重性状各基因型有极显著的差异(P<0.01),对于腹脂率有显著的差异(P<0.05)。MCW328标记基因与控制10周龄体重和全净膛重QTL连锁,ADL292标记基因与控制腹脂重和腹脂率QTL连锁。     

S1核酸酶突变检测法的优化

优化了S1核酸酶突变检测体系,结果表明(1)扩增法比杂交法产生异源双链DNA更节省时间;(2)PCR产物可以直接作为突变检测的底物;(3)适当降低反应温度、适当增加反应缓冲液中的NaCl浓度、适当缩短反应时间可提高突变检测效果。     

Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.     

花生DNA导入大豆育种效果的研究

利用花粉管通道在大豆自花授粉后将花生ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆受体中，引起受体的结荚习性、株高、成熟期，主茎节数、分枝数、产量性状和化学品质等性状的广泛变异。对变异株进行选择，获得了产量比受体提高１１．９％～２５．１％，蛋白质含量提高３．９％～５．３％的变异株系。实验结果表明：利用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术进行生态性状、产量性状和化学品质方向的育种是可能的。     

牛Myostatin基因单核苷酸多态性分析

Myostatin基因即肌肉生长抑制素,是一种肌肉生长的负调控因子。应运PCR-SSCP和测序的方法对中国秦川牛、南阳牛以及国外引入品种皮埃蒙特牛双肌基因的第三外显子进行了多态性分析。结果表明:第三外显子938处G→A的单核苷酸的突变造成了南阳牛、皮埃蒙特牛第三外显子扩增片段多态性,秦川牛则不然。     

RT-PCR及RFLP分析技术对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的诊断和S1基因分型的研究

本研究使用分别扩增整个S1糖蛋白基因 (引物A)和S1糖蛋白基因N_端高变区Ⅰ (引物B)的 2对引物对 3个IBV标准株M41、Connecticut、Arkansas及 5个地方分离株 (C60 ,D41A ,D41B ,A112 1,A1171)进行RT_PCR扩增。用引物A时 ,有 5个IBV毒株扩增到目的片段 (172 0bp) ;用引物B时 ,所有 8个IBV毒株均得到与预计大小相符的目的产物 (2 2 8bp)。对 172 0bp的PCR产物用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ进行酶切 ,结果得出 3个不同的RFLP图谱 ,其中M41、Connecticut、D41B具有相同的HaeⅢ酶切图谱。Arkansas和D41A则分别具有互不相同的图谱 ;对 2 2 8bp的PCR产物进行DdeⅠ、RsaⅠ限制性内切酶消化 ,根据它们的RFLP图谱 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 5个基因型。综合 2对引物的PCR产物的RFLP分析结果 ,8个IBV毒株可分为 7个基因型 ,分型的结果与传统的血清学方法吻合。本研究建立的方法和技术具有快速、简单、特异、灵敏等优点 ,为现场流行毒株的定型(基因型 /血清型 )及其S1基因变异的跟踪研究以及更有效防制传染性支气管炎奠定了基础。     

中国矮马运铁蛋白遗传多态性的初步研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对中国矮马运铁蛋白多态性进行了测定。在运铁蛋白位点共发现5种表型，即F2F2，DF2，F2H2，F2O和F2R，由Tf^D,Tf^F2,Tf^F2,Tf^H2,Tf^O和Tf^R等5个等位基因控制，其基因频率分别为0.0312,0.7188,0.0625,0.0312和0.1563；基因的杂合度（H），个体鉴别概率（Dp)和亲仔关系排除概率（PE）分别为0.4530,0.6875和0.2586。     

甘肃滩羊血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞蛋白质(Ep)多态性的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE)对甘肃滩羊产区皋兰、景泰及靖远3县285只滩羊的血红蛋白(Hb)基因座、红细胞蛋白质-1(Ep-1)和红细胞蛋白质-2(Ep-2)基因座多态性进行了检测,结果发现甘肃滩羊Hb基因座存在3种基因型HbAA、HbAB、HbBB,它们受HbA和HbB两个共显性等位基因控制,其中HbB和HbBB在3个群体中均占优势;本研究未在Ep-1和Ep-2基因座上检测到多态性,它们均呈现单态。     

RAPD技术对地方鸡种群体遗传结构的分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对４个地方鸡种和１个引进鸡种的群体遗传结构进行分析，通过筛选的５个随机引物ＯＰＨ－０２、ＯＰＨ－０５、ＯＰＨ－１３、ＯＰＨ－１６、ＯＰＧ－０７对５个鸡种的池ＤＮＡ进行多态性研究，结果表明：５个引物共产生条带６１个，扩增产物片段的长度一般从１５０ｂｐ－４ｋｂ。