作物活体多探头测量仪的研制

采用TP—801单板机制作作物活体多探头测量仪。该机可在田间对生长状态下的农作物进行多点体内养分积累、运输、分配等测定,且结果可靠。     

蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究进展

对蔬菜作物多倍体育种研究的主要进展进行了综述。重点对蔬菜多倍体的 获得途径、多倍体的植物学特征、同源三倍体的不育性、四倍体的低稔性、抗逆性研究进行了综述，介绍了多倍体在蔬菜育种上的应用，并提出了蔬菜多倍体育种尚待解决 的关键问题。     

耕作方式对主要粮食作物影响的研究综述

笔者通过对相关资料的整理与分析,阐述了常见不同耕作方式对主要粮食作物根系特性、光合效应、品质指标及产量的影响,分析了未来农业生产中进一步加强对耕作方式研究的必要性和重要性,并指出今后农业生产中应在结合中国国情的基础上注重根据区域生态环境、土壤属性、作物种类及茬口类型选择适宜的耕作方式,试图为中国农业生产中耕作方式更加合理的选择与运用及作物产量的提高和耕地的可持续利用提供科学依据和理论帮助。     

巴基斯坦转基因作物发展概况

近年来,发展中国家在转基因技术与商业化发展上取得了巨大进展。巴基斯坦是同中国有着深厚友谊的国家,是“一带一路”政策亚欧非大陆的重要一站。本文介绍了巴基斯坦转基因技术发展现状及转基因商业化情况,研究其管理框架及政策变化等,分析其在政策、监管、知识产权、消费者认知度等方面存在的问题。研究结果对中国转基因政策的制定具有借鉴意义。     

第三次全国农作物种质资源调查与收集行动湖南茶树专项总结报告

2015年10月至2018年12月,项目组参与第三次全国农作物种质资源调查与收集行动,对湖南省茶树种质资源进行普查、调查和征集、收集,共普查、调查和征集、收集茶树种质资源165份,涉及45个农业县(市、区),范围为东经109.176821°~114.005865°、北纬24.943720°~29.819774°、海拔31.33~1469.00m,并对湖南茶树种质资源的保护和合理开发利用提出了建议。     

膜荚黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过室内生物测定法,研究了黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感影响。结果表明,黄芪根水浸液对4种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长均有明显的化感作用,其中根受到的化感抑制大于地上部分,种子萌发阶段受到的化感抑制大于幼苗生长阶段。不同受体的发芽势、最长根长和根冠比受到的化感抑制最强。4种作物的化感敏感性为小麦>板蓝根>大麦>大豆。因此,选择与黄芪轮作、套作的作物时,优先选择大豆和大麦,其次为板蓝根。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

Grain Yield,Quality, and Nutrient Concentrations of Feed,Food, and Malt Barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a cereal grown for animal feed, human consumption, and malting. Nutrient concentrations are important as they provide information regarding the dietary values of barley consumed by animals or human beings. In addition, grain nutrient removal may be useful for refining fertilizer recommendations. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 investigating the cultivar effects on grain yield, quality, and grain nutrient concentrations and removal under irrigated conditions for two-row barley cultivars. Adjunct and feed cultivars produced the highest yields compared with the all-malt and food cultivars. Specific quality and nutrient values were greater than or equal to in the food cultivar compared to the malt or feed cultivars. Variations in nutrient concentrations were measured among the adjunct and all-malt cultivars, which could potentially affect the malting and brewing qualities. Grain yield, quality, nutrient concentrations and nutrient removal varied among cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions, which may influence end-use.     

内蒙古气候变化及其对主要农作物的影响

了解气候变化对内蒙古种植业结构的影响,是有效制定应对措施和政策的重要依据。本文以全区4个主要产粮区为代表,利用近50a的气候资料和近27a作物生育期资料,分析了当地气候变化特征及其对主要作物物候期和种植面积的影响。结果表明：近50a来,内蒙古主要农业区温度明显升高,≥10℃积温增加了350-570℃.d,河套灌区和大兴安岭东麓地区增温幅度大于阴山北部丘陵区和科尔沁地区。东西部地区的降水量变化差别较大,科尔沁和大兴安岭东麓地区生长季降水量减少了44.0mm和55.0mm,河套灌区和阴山北部丘陵区则增加了10.4mm和2.4mm。玉米春季物候期提前,秋季物候期推后,物候期延长了10-20d,大兴安岭东麓延长最为明显;春小麦和大豆则由于温度升高加快了发育进程,表现为全生育期缩短;马铃薯全生育期变化不明显,但可收期普遍延迟。玉米、马铃薯种植面积扩大,春小麦种植面积减小,玉米种植界限向北延伸等与气候变暖的关系密切。     

水分亏缺下作物的补偿效应研究进展

针对半干旱区水分亏缺的实际田间环境,从渗透调节、光合作用、内源激素等方面探讨了水分亏缺下作物补偿效应的可能机制以及外界影响因素。同时,就补偿效应的普遍性对作物的抗旱生理以及遗传育种研究等问题提出了若干建议。