Effect of low temperature on breaking dormancy and flowering of Arisaema sikokianum (Araceae)

Arisaema sikokianum (Araceae) native to Japan is classified as a vulnerable species in the Red Data Book of Japan. Control of dormancy is essential for efficient corm production and forcing culture. Sprouting of both vegetative and reproductive corms was enhanced by exposure to low temperature. Vegetative corms exposed to low temperatures at 5 °C longer sprouted faster when grown at 20 °C. Effective temperatures for breaking dormancy was 5 °C. Reproductive corms treated at 5 °C longer showed shorter days to flower. Successful forcing culture was achieved; corms treated at 5 °C from November for 30 days flowered on 5th February.     

Nutrition Management and Farm’s Age Affect Saffron Daughter Corms Behavior,Nutrients Uptake and Economic Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency: A Large Scale On-farm Experiment in Torbat Heydarieh,Iran

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of the relationships between nutritional patterns and farms’ age with the behavior of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) daughter corms based on farmers’ management (on-farm) can be crucial in improving saffron sustainable yield. Furthermore, in commercial saffron production, especially in small farms, the purchased water and fertilizers are the basis of sustainable saffron profitability, hence, recognizing the relationships between economic water use efficiency (EWUE) and economic fertilizer use efficiency (EFUE) can be important. An on-farm experiment was conducted on a large scale based on farmers’ management in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. The farms’ age (1–6 years old) and fertilizers management approaches (organic, mineral and integrated) were considered as the first and second factors, respectively. Large-sized daughter corms number and weight and corms N and P content increased with increasing farms’ age from 1 to 4 years old. However, these parameters decreased with increasing farms’ age from 4 to 6 years old. Irrespective of saffron farms’ age, the minimum large-sized daughter corms number and weight were observed when mineral fertilizer management was practiced. By contrast, the maximum values were related to integrated fertilizer management. In each type of fertilizer management, EWUE and EFUE (based on large-sized daughter corms monetary value) increased with increasing farms age from 1 to 4 years. However, increase in farms age from 4 to 6 years caused a significant reduction in mentioned indices. Overall, if high-quality saffron corm production is needed, corms should be harvested in the fourth year to gain the maximum yield and profit.     

宜昌红荷芋球茎切块繁殖技术研究

以叶用栽培的宜昌红荷芋头球茎为材料,进行了不同球茎大小繁殖系数、球茎切块防腐烂处理、不同切块大小发芽和田间长势比较试验。结果表明,用草木灰或高锰酸钾处理可将球茎切块腐烂率控制在1.3%以下,不同大小切块繁殖出的水芋植株长势没有显著差异。     

番红花球茎组培中的消毒和褐化抑制方法

[目的]优化番红花球茎消毒和褐化抑制的方法。[方法]以番红花球茎的染菌率、褐化率和愈伤组织诱导率为指标,分析了外植体大小、氯化汞浓度和消毒时间对番红花球茎染菌和诱导的影响,同时比较了抗坏血酸和活性炭对番红花球茎褐化的抑制效果。[结果]当外植体大小5 mm~3,氯化汞溶液浓度0.2%、消毒时间10 min时,染菌率和诱导率较为适宜;向培养基中加入0.5 g/L活性炭可以降低球茎的褐化。[结论]该研究建立了番红花球茎消毒和褐化抑制方法,为野外番红花球茎的初代组培提供了理论依据。     

Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture

Talc-based formulations of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strain S2BC-2 (Bacillus atrophaeus) and strain mixture, S2BC-2 + TEPF-Sungal (Burkholderia cepacia), inhibitory to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (FOG), were developed for corm dressing and soil application in gladiolus. In comparison to the individual strain, the strain mixture recorded maximum spike and corm production of 100 and 150%, respectively with less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 73.6 and 54.8% reduction over the pathogen control in greenhouse when inoculated with FOG. Reduction in disease incidence under greenhouse conditions occurred through induction of defence gene products such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Besides disease suppression, treatment with strain mixture promoted plant growth in terms of enhanced corm and cormel production and flowering. In field experiments, the strain mixture recorded less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 48.6 and 46.1% mean reduction over the non-bacterised control, and was almost comparable with that of fungicide (51.5 and 47.1%, respectively). The treatment also recorded increased spike and corm yield with average increases of 58.3 and 27.4%, respectively, relative to the control.     

慈姑球茎形成与膨大进程的初步研究

对慈姑球茎的形成与膨大进程进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,在武汉地区的气候条件下,慈姑的根状茎从7月上旬开始陆续形成,其后数目不断增加,大约到10月上旬根状茎的数目基本不再变化,根状茎的生长主要是以伸长生长为主,其横径基本不发生变化。9月上旬球茎开始形成,9月中下旬球茎数目迅速增加,到10月中下旬基本无新的球茎形成。单个球茎从形成到成熟大约80d。在球茎形成的30～60d膨大最为迅速。其单个球茎质量的增加遵循＂慢-快-慢＂的变化规律。球茎的淀粉、可溶性总糖含量在40d以前呈缓慢上升,之后快速增加;还原糖呈＂上升-降低-上升＂的变化趋势。     

小苍兰20个品种对比试验初报

由于上海和荷兰之间存在着气候情况,设施条件以及供花季节的要求等许多差异,其中以设施的差异最为突出。广告册上的品种介绍,不能用作上海地区生产栽培的指导。通过本试验,对品种的生产情况,开花和新球形成作了观察记载,并对所得结果进行分析,选择出最适宜在本市栽培的品种,供作参考,以取得更好的经济效益。     

Cloning,characterization and expression analysis of a 9-lipoxygenase gene in Gladiolus hybridus

Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs) is a functionally diverse class of dioxygenases involved in multiple physiological processes such as growth, senescence, and stress-related responses. Previously, based on the analysis of LOX1 activity and corm formation, it was depicted that LOX1 increased jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and induced enlargement at top of stolon branches, forming cormels in Gladiolus hybridus. Here, LOX gene (GhLOX1) in full length was isolated from developing corms in G. hybridus. Sequence analysis showed that GhLOX1 was a novel LOX1 gene encoding 9-LOX. Transient expression analysis determined GhLOX1 to be a cytoplasm protein. Real time RT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of GhLOX1 gene correlated positively with LOX activity and was highest in cormels. GhLOX1 mRNA level, LOX activity and endogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) content in corms increased steadily with a MJ gradient from 0.1 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L. Conversely, GhLOX1 mRNA level, LOX activity, and endogenous MJ content in corms steadily decreased with the increasing concentration of Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). At the same time, we observed that MJ and SHAM treatments effected both LOX1 mRNA level and LOX activity, leading to promotion and inhibition of corm formation and enlargement, respectively. These data reveal that GhLOX1 is a novel LOX1 gene encoding a cytoplasm 9-LOX protein and its expression would contribute to LOX activity which plays an important role in corm formation and enlargement. In general, GhLOX1 is an ideal candidate for the promotion of corm formation and enlargement by gene manipulation in G. hybridus.     

淀粉型荸荠新品种桂粉蹄1号选育

桂粉蹄1号是采用单株选择与生物技术--茎尖组培脱毒技术结合培育而成的荸荠新品种,是目前国内外首个通过省级品种审定的专用于加工荸荠粉的品种。其特点：每年以组培苗作为种苗,生长势旺、分蘖强、球茎大而均匀,在20个大球茎中横径＞3.00 cm的占90 %,纵径＞1.90 cm的占100 %,而对照广州番禺水蹄（原种）分别占40 %、45 %,每667 m2产球茎约1 900 kg,比对照提高幅度为5.2 %～27.0 %,淀粉含量为12.7.0 %。     

荸荠新品种桂蹄2号的选育

桂蹄2号是以广州番禺地方荸荠品种为材料,通过组织培养产生体细胞无性系变异,在变异群体中筛选优良变异单株,采用组培技术培育而成的荸荠新品种。以组培苗作为生产种苗,4月中下旬～5月初育苗,育苗期25～30 d（天）,大田繁苗期约50 d（天）,繁殖系数可达20倍|大田生育期约140 d（天）,株高95～105 cm,球茎扁圆形,脐微凹,横径3.5～5.5 cm,纵径2.5～3.0 cm,平均单球茎质量26 g,最大可达50 g,芽粗,皮稍厚,深红色,较耐贮运,每667 m2球茎产量2 500～3 500 kg,适宜在广西地区种植。