甜橙新品种‘兴国甜橙3-5’

 ‘兴国甜橙3-5 ’是从实生‘兴国甜橙’后代中选出的新品种。果皮橙黄至橙红色。果实近圆球形, 平均单果质量167. 7 g , 可溶性固形物含量13. 6% ~ 15. 1%, 总糖含量10. 3% ~ 11. 5%, 总酸含量0. 47%~ 0. 93%, 可食率79. 27%~ 80. 75%, 果汁率65. 18%~ 65. 96%, 11 月上旬成熟。     

日粮中添加柑桔皮粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡钙磷代谢的影响

将 48周龄黄金褐蛋鸡 10只随机分成两组 ,对照组喂基础日粮 ,试验组用 2 5 %的柑桔皮粉等量替代基础日粮中的玉米 ,结果表明 :试验组钙磷表观代谢率为 65 79%、46 3 9% ,钙比对照组 (62 3 0 % )提高了 3 49个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,磷比对照组 (4 7 5 2 % )降低了 1 13个百分点 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Growth- and leaf-temperature effects on photosynthesis of sweet orange seedlings infected with Xylella fastidiosa

The effects of growth and leaf temperature on photosynthesis were evaluated in sweet orange seedlings ( Citrus sinensis cv. Pera) infected with Xylella fastidiosa (the bacterium that causes citrus variegated chlorosis, CVC). Measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll  a fluorescence were taken at leaf temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C in healthy and infected (without visible symptoms) seedlings submitted to two temperature regimes (25/20 or 35/20°C, day/night), not simultaneously. The CO₂ assimilation rates ( A ) and stomatal conductance ( g _s) were higher in healthy plants in both temperature regimes. Values for A and g _s of infected and healthy plants were higher in the 35/20°C regime, decreasing with leaf temperature increase. In addition, differences between healthy and infected plants were higher at 35/20°C, while no differences in chlorophyll  a fluorescence parameters were observed except for potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, which was higher in infected plants. Low A values in infected plants were caused by low g _s and probably by biochemical damage to photosynthesis. The high alternative electron sink of infected plants was another effect of reduced A . Both high growth and high leaf temperatures increased differences in A between healthy and infected plants. Therefore this feature may be partially responsible for lower growth and/or productivity of CVC-affected plants in regions with high air temperature.     

红桔小孢子母细胞减数分裂染色体行为的研究

本研究对红桔小孢子母细胞减数分裂各时期染色体进行了详细观察。结果表明：细线期、偶线期、粗线期和终变期具有较高的同步性，四分体时期完全一致；染色体行为较为有规律；双线期同源染色体联会构型有棒形、环形、“Ｔ”形、“＋”字形、环叉形及“３”字形；终变期具９个正常二价体的频率为６０％，其余细胞中可观察到单价体、双核、落后染色体、三分体等畸变类型。文章讨论了红桔花粉低育性的遗传学机制。     

柑桔体细胞杂种的花粉育性及其遗传稳定性

对原生质体融合产生的５个已开花的体细胞杂种的花粉育性观察表明，它们的花粉染色活力在０－９０．１８％之间。其中４个体细胞杂种的花粉育性介于双亲之间，偏向高值亲本；种间异源四倍体体细胞杂种产生７．１８％－１８．５９％的小花粉，这类花粉只有正常花粉粒的１／３左右大小、内空。脐橙与红桔的体细胞杂种不产生花粉。墨西哥来檬与伏令夏橙的体细胞杂种花粉育性稳定，年份间无显著差异；粗柠檬与哈姆林甜橙的体细胞杂种无性繁殖后代之间，花粉育性无显著差异。     

用计算机手段探测晚芦基因20h连续表达趋势

以岩溪晚芦(Citrus reticulata Blanco)为试材,在果实成熟期用乙烯诱导果蒂的离层,分时段应用探针组(Probe Set ID)总数至少30302的基因芯片研究了离层基因表达情况,且同步进行了无乙烯诱导的对照实验,得到芯片两两比较结果。4h、12h和24h样品处理同样品对照的两两比较结果表明:4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有650个、500个和2200个探针组比样品对照显著下调表达,分别占探针组总数的2.15%、1.65%和7.26%;4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有550、600和1200个探针组比样品对照显著上调表达,分别占探针组总数的1.82%、1.98%和3.96%。研究首次证实了Affymetrix公司的柑橘基因表达检测芯片可应用于中国岩溪晚芦,首次发现了至少500条基因连续20h的表达趋势。     

利用蛋白质组学研究水果采后成熟的分子机理

果实成熟是发生在高等植物中复杂而有序的过程,由于植物种类和环境条件的不同,果实从不成熟到发育成熟过程包括了众多阶段。近年来,植物本身的生理过程与农业产业息息相关,继而影响经济效益,因此果实成熟过程的研究日益重要。果实成熟过程中,伴随着不同色素水平变化和糖等物质含量增加,果实色泽发生变化,大量生理代谢过程例如颜色、质地、风味和香气等受到外因(光照、温度)和内因(发育相关基因和激素)调控而发生变化。因而利用差异蛋白质组学方法系统研究果实从未成熟到成熟的不同生理过程和阶段分子水平上的动态变化具有十分重要的意义。到目前为止,一些重要果实及其不同发育和成熟过程的蛋白质组数据库日益完善和更新。     

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.     

柑橘非对称体细胞杂种的胞质基因组分析

采用CAPS（cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence）分子标记对通过非对称原生质体融合获得的2个组合体细胞杂种植株进行了胞质遗传分析。结果表明,在伏令夏甜橙（Citrus sinensis）＋默科特橘橙（C.reticulata&#215;C.sinensis）组合中,分析的2棵植株胞质DNA都来自伏令夏甜橙（供体）;在丹西红橘（C.retic-ulata）＋佩琦橘柚（C.reticulata&#215;C.paradisi）组合中,分析的3棵植株胞质DNA都来自来源于佩琦橘柚（受体）。     

柑橘类植物GPAT基因片段克隆和SNP分析

甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因是与植物抗冷性强弱密切相关的基因。根据已报道的各种植物GPAT基因的氨基酸序列上前后两个保守区设计1对简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术,分别从琯溪蜜柚、马家柚、莽山野橘等8种柑橘类植物中克隆得到315bp的GPAT基因片段。使用DNA Star5.0软件对8个片段序列进行同源性比较,8个片段的核苷酸同源性高达97.8%,与其它植物GPAT基因核苷酸序列的同源性都在72.5%以上;经过氨基酸序列推导,每个GPAT基因片段分别编码105个氨基酸,8个片段的氨基酸同源性为95.2%,与其它植物GPAT基因的氨基酸序列同源性在68.9%以上。试验克隆所得8种柑橘类植物GPAT基因片段序列存在明显的单核苷酸变异,在14个核苷酸位点存在SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms),导致6个氨基酸位点发生变异,多态性频率为1SNP/22.5bp,核苷酸变异度为4.45%,氨基酸变异度为5.71%。采用NJ聚类法对克隆片段的核苷酸序列进行了遗传多样性分析。