Chloride channels of platelets

Chloride channels distribute widely in the body, and participate in many physiological actions and regulatory processes. Based on their physiological roles and molecular structures, six kinds of chloride channels have been identified: (1) The chloride channels family; (2) Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; (3) Swelling-activated chloride channels; (4) Calcium-activated chloride channels; (5) The p64 (CLIC) gene family; (6) γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine receptors. The chloride channels do exist in platelets, and their appearances are dependent on the presence of intracellular calcium. Blocking agents of chloride channels inhibit the thrombin-activated platelet aggregation and the elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration in a dose-dependent manner. It is suggested that chloride channels play a role in the activation of platelets. In addition, chloride channels act on both the cell volume regulation and the intracellular pH regulation in platelets.     

沙质农田表层土壤水分扩散率测定及氯化钴试纸的应用研究

非饱和土壤水分扩散率是研究土壤水分运动规律必不可少的基本参数之一。本文应用水平土柱入渗法测定了科尔沁沙地沙质农田表层土壤的非饱和水分扩散率,并对氯化钴试纸在测定水分扩散率中的应用作了初步尝试和研究。主要结论如下：沙质农田表层土壤湿润锋迁移速率随着入渗距离的增大而减小,呈幂函数关系;波尔兹曼参数与土壤含水量呈直线关系;土壤水分扩散率与土壤含水量之间的关系,符合经验公式并呈指数函数变化。在应用水平土柱法测定非饱和土壤水分扩散率的过程中,氯化钴试纸法可以用于测定湿润锋的位置,特别是在高土壤含水量时,相比目视法而言更能显示其优势,在一定程度上可以提高测定结果的可靠性。     

氯化胆碱对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片膜结构保护机制的研究

用300 m g/L氯化胆碱(CC)浸种与叶面喷施相结合作预处理,然后用15% PEG- 6000 模拟干旱胁迫。发现CC在干旱条件下可减缓CAT、POD活力和类胡罗卜素含量的降低, 特别是改变了SOD活力在干旱胁迫下通常呈波浪式变化的规律, 使其在实验条件下一直呈上升趋势。这些可能是膜结构得到保护, 从而使膜脂过氧化产物MDA 产生及细胞电解质渗漏都明显减少的主要原因。     

黄河水化学需氧量测定中氯离子的干扰及消除

[目的]消除黄河水化学需氧量测定中氯离子的干扰。[方法]通过模拟试验的方法量化了氯离子对化学需氧量(COD)测定的干扰程度,并在黄河水实际监测工作中进行了验证。[结果]氯离子对水样COD测定的干扰程度与氯离子含量呈正相关,其影响系数与理论值基本相当。黄河水质监测中,氯离子对COD测定的影响不容忽视,必须加入硫酸汞以消除氯离子的干扰。[结论]该研究可为水体化学需氧量测定中氯离子干扰的消除提供科学方法。     

外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。     

生态因素和栽培农艺措施对烟草钾和氯含量影响研究进展

钾、氯是烟草生长发育的必需营养元素,也是衡量烟叶内在品质的重要指标,钾氯比值常被用作评价烟叶品质、燃烧性的基础,因此合理调控烟叶钾、氯含量,对改善烟叶品质、提高烟叶质量、提升烟叶工业可用性具有重要意义。探讨了生态因素、栽培农艺措施对烟草钾、氯含量影响的研究进展。     

Influence of chloride and sulphate ions on soil enzymes

Ammonium chloride (AC) and ammonium sulphate (AS) are commonly used nitrogen fertilizers. But the effect of chloride and sulphate ions from these fertilizers on soil enzyme activity has received scant attention. Hence, we conducted a pot culture study to assess the influence of chloride (as AC) and sulphate (as AS) on the activities of urease, amidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase in soil using rice as the test crop. Chloride and sulphate levels were fixed at 132, 264 and 396 kg ha⁻¹ respectively. Controls were also performed. The enzymes were assayed at three stages of the crop growth viz., active tillering, panicle initiation and harvest.
The enzyme activities decreased with increasing chloride and sulphate levels; however, the degree of inhibition varied among the enzymes assayed and the nature and amounts of salts added. The inhibition may be due to the specific effects of chloride and sulphate ions on microbial growth and subsequent enzyme synthesis, osmotic desiccation leading to microbial cell lysis, and a salting-out effect modifying the ionic conformation of the active site of the enzyme protein.     

Effects of NaCl salinity on some leaf nutrient concentrations,non-photochemical quenching and the efficiency of the PSII photochemistry of two Iranian pomegranate varieties under greenhouse and field conditions: Preliminary results

The present research was conducted to study the responses of ‘Malas–e–Saveh’ (M) and ‘Shishe–Kab’ (Sh) Iranian pomegranates to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress under greenhouse and field conditions. Treatments included waters electrical conductivity (EC = 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m^?1 for greenhouse) and (EC = 1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m^?1 for field studies). Interactive effects of salinity × variety indicated the highest chlorophyll and leaf potassium concentration, and the lowest leaf chloride and sodium in control under greenhouse study. Non-photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII reduced under the highest salinity level in field, however, basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII increased in the highest salinity. Sodium and chloride increased with increased in salinity. Calcium, magnesium and iron significantly decreased with increased in salinity. It seems that there are differences between pomegranate cultivars and Malas-e-Saveh is more tolerant compared with Shishe Kab.     

不同来源的豆饼、日粮中氯和非植酸磷水平对肉用仔鸡胫骨软骨症的影响

 本试验研究不同来源的豆饼、日粮中氯和非植酸磷水平对肉用仔公鸡生长性能和胫骨软骨症（TD）的影响。采用9种不同来源的豆饼，2种日粮，共18个日粮处理。日粮中氯和非植酸磷水平分别为0.15%和0.44%，为对照日粮；0.35%和1.00%，为TD-诱发日粮。试验结果表明，根据饲喂不同来源的豆饼，采食对照日粮的鸡其TD发病率为2.5-38.8%；采食TD-诱发日粮的鸡其TD发病率为61.3%-97.5%。TD发病率与鸡生长速度之间相关系数为r=0.52（P＜0.01）。高磷、高氯日粮导致TD的发病率高，对鸡胫骨灰分无影响（P＜0.05）。商品用豆饼对仔鸡TD发病率的影响存在差异。豆饼中铝、钡、铜、钠、硅、锌元素的水平显著地影响小鸡TD的发病率。