Linking habitat suitability and seed dispersal models in order to analyse the effectiveness of hydrological fen restoration strategies

The effectiveness of measures targeted at the restoration of populations of endangered species in anthropogenically dominated regions is often limited by a combination of insufficient restoration of habitat quality and dispersal failure. Therefore, the joint prediction of suitable habitat and seed dispersal in dependency of management actions is required for effective nature management. Here we demonstrate an approach, which links a habitat suitability and a seed dispersal model. The linked model describes potential species distribution as a function of current species distribution, species-specific dispersal traits, the number of successful dispersal events, dispersal infrastructure and habitat configuration. The last two variables were related to water management actions. We demonstrate the applicability of the model in a strategy analysis of hydrological restoration measures for a large fen area in which still numerous endangered plant species grow.With the aid of the linked model, we were able to optimise the spatial planning of restoration measures, taking into account both the constraints of water management practices on abiotic restoration and the effects of habitat fragmentation on dispersal. Moreover, we could demonstrate that stand-alone habitat suitability models, which assume unlimited dispersal, may considerably overestimate restoration prospects. For these reasons, we conclude that linked habitat suitability and dispersal models can provide useful insights into spatially differentiated potentials and constraints of nature restoration measures targeted at the sustainable conservation of endangered plant populations whose habitats have been deteriorated due to undesirable effects of land and water management on abiotic conditions. These insights may contribute to the design of cost-effective nature restoration and conservation measures.     

长白山区沟谷沼泽湿地乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量特征

研究了长白山区沟谷沼泽乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量及叶片不同季节积累变化及元素间的相互关系。结果表明,乌拉苔草属于抗金属污染植物,不同构件在元素积累和季节变化中有较大差异:Mn、N,P、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn主要集中在根部,K主要集中在叶鞘。不同季节积累中,N、K主要在营养成长期和生殖生长并存期5月份最多,P在成熟期的8月份最多,金属元素在衰老期的9月份最多,尤其是Fe元素富集量最多,完全可以作为铁污染区的抗性植物和净化植物,而非金属元素在衰老期的9月份最少。金属元素之间相生相互协调关系强,非金属元素之间关系相互协调,而金属元素除Mn和P、N是极显著相关外,P和Ca呈显著相关,与其他关系不显著。说明乌拉苔草各构件中的元素之间没有相互拮抗的关系。     

山西苔草品种资源及分布

苔草属植物是我国植物区系组成的主要大属之一。从生物学特性的角度,综述山西苔草属植物分布分类特点,提出了适宜作为草坪开发利用的苔草属植物品种。     

苔草种子休眠和萌发特性的研究

苔草种子具有很强的休眠特性，萌发率极低，故长期以来限制了苔草的大面积利用。本试验选择两种苔草种子，研究光照，温度，种（果）皮及激素等因素与种子休眠和萌发的关系。测试种子休眠解除前后几种化学及结构物质的变化情况。结果表明，苔草种子的休眠虽与多种因素相关，但种子中的ＡＢＡ是抑制萌发的主要物质。     

Pb,Zn对超富集植物(小鳞苔草)抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过人工气候箱盆栽实验,研究Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫对小鳞苔草(Carex gentilisFranch.)根和叶中SOD,POD及CAT活性的影响。结果表明:叶片SOD活性随Pb和Zn浓度增加均呈缓慢上升趋势,根部SOD则表现为有升有降的过程,Pb Zn复合处理可提高根部和叶片SOD活性,最高分别为201.8 U/gFW和233.1U/gFW。根部POD活性随Pb,Zn浓度增加均出现不同程度提高,但叶片POD活性呈有升有降的过程;根部和叶片POD在Pb Zn复合处理中活性增幅明显,最高分别为对照的7.47倍和1.49倍。根部和叶片中CAT在Pb,Zn及其复合处理中活性均受到不同程度的抑制。方差分析显示,Pb对根部3种酶活性影响显著;Zn对叶片POD活性影响显著;Pb Zn互作对植株体内POD和根部SOD影响极显著。经综合分析,小鳞苔草在Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫条件下,SOD和POD起主要作用,并具有耐Pb高浓度胁迫的抗氧化酶活性调控能力,可望在中国西部铅锌复合污染区植物修复中提供一种新资源。     

Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics in a wet Arctic sedge meadow in late winter and early spring

Microbial activity is known to continue during the winter months in cold alpine and Arctic soils often resulting in high microbial biomass. Complex soil nutrient dynamics characterize the transition when soil temperatures approach and exceed 0 °C in spring. At the time of this transition in alphine soils microbial biomass declines dramatically together with soil pools of available nutrients. This pattern of change characterizes alpine soils at the winter-spring transition but whether a similar pattern occurs in Arctic soils, which are colder, is unclear. In this study amounts of microbial biomass and the availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for microbial and plant growth in wet peaty soils of an Arctic sedge meadow have been determined across the winter-spring boundary. The objective was to determine the likely causes of the decline in microbial biomass in relation to temperature change and nutrient availability. The pattern of soil temperature at depths of 5-15 cm can be divided into three phases: below −10 °C in late winter, from −7 to 0 °C for 7 weeks during a period of freeze-thaw cycles and above 0 °C in early spring. Peak microbial biomass and nutrient availability occurred early in the freeze-thaw phase. Subsequently, a steady decrease in inorganic N occurred, so that when soil temperatures rose above 0 °C, pools of inorganic nutrients in soils were very low. In contrast, amounts of microbial C and soluble organic C and N remained high until the end of the period of freeze-thaw cycles, when a sudden collapse occurred in soluble organic C and N and in phosphatase activity, followed by a crash in microbial biomass just prior to soil temperatures rising consistently above 0 °C. Following this, there was no large pulse of available nutrients, implying that competition for nutrients from roots results in the collapse of the microbial pool.     

松嫩平原寸草苔种群生殖分株的种子生产与生殖分配策略

在松嫩平原 ,寸草苔种群生殖分株种子生产数量 ,在休闲放牧场为 (15.2 5± 2 .78)粒 /穗 ,在割草场为 (11.4 4± 2 .2 4 )粒 /穗。籽粒千粒重休闲放牧场为 (1.5873± 0 .10 54) g ,割草场为 (1.4 6 4 6± 0 .2 333)g。生殖分株的生物量及其穗与籽粒各组分重量均为随着高度级的增加呈规律性增加 ,但穗重占全株重比率的生殖分配Ⅰ和籽实重占全株重比率的生殖分配Ⅱ均随着高度级的增加呈直线形式减少。不同生长状况的生殖分株对有限资源具有不同的分配策略。     

SEASONAL RHYTHM OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS——THE CALAMAGROSTIS ANGUSTIFOLIAGRASSLAND IN SANJIANG PLAIN

In this paper,the seasonal rhythms of the above grassland biomass of the two maintypes of the Calamagrostis anguslifolia graaslands,the Calamagrostis angustifolia meadow and theCalamagrostis angustifolia + carex schmiudilii swamp meadow,were reported.The simulation tech-niquc was employed to described the dynamic process.In the end,the absolute growth rate and therelative growth rate of aboveground biomass of the two communities were approached in the lightof the growth analysis method.     

薹草属菱形果薹草组9种植物叶片的解剖学研究

利用石蜡切片法和叶表皮装片法对薹草属菱形果薹草组(Carexsect.Rhomboidales)9种植物进行叶片解剖结构特征观察。结果表明:9种植物的叶片解剖学特征总体上较一致,如横切面形状为"V"形或近"V"形,具气腔,中脉上方具泡状细胞,中脉维管束周围有不同程度的厚壁组织;上表皮细胞一般比下表皮细胞大;表皮下的叶肉细胞均出现不同程度的分化;叶表皮特征显示上、下表皮细胞均为长方形,垂周壁深波状弯曲,表现出近似种之间的相似性;表皮附属物为刺突状表皮毛;但不同种之间的叶解剖特征也有一定的区别,表现在泡状细胞层数、叶肉细胞分化层数和中脉维管束2端厚壁组织发达程度不同,气孔器在脉间成列或随机分布,气孔指数和气孔密度也有差异,可以作为区分种的依据。据此,本文提供了基于叶片解剖特征的9种植物分种检索表。     

呼伦贝尔寸草苔草原群落特征及物种多样性与土壤理化性质的关系

[目的]研究内蒙古呼伦贝尔寸草苔草原群落特征及物种多样性与土壤理化性质的关系,为草原生态系统的保护和恢复提供科学参考。[方法]对呼伦贝尔寸草苔草原95个典型样地进行群落调查,研究呼伦贝尔寸草苔草原4种群落类型间群落特征及物种多样性与土壤理化性质之间的关系。[结果](1)群落特征中,地上生物量、物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数在4种群落类型间以寸草苔—一二年生草类群落最高;土壤理化性质中,全氮和全磷均以寸草苔—根茎型草类群落最高。(2)寸草苔—丛生草类群落和寸草苔—杂类草群落中,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷与地上生物量、地下生物量呈显著正相关关系。(3)寸草苔—根茎型草类群落和寸草苔—一二年生草类群落中,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷与Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数呈显著负相关关系。[结论]呼伦贝尔寸草苔草原群落特征在4种群落类型间存在不同程度差异,土壤理化性质中土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷是影响群落特征和物种多样性差异的主要因子。