统筹城乡户籍制度改革与农村人口空心化：挑战与应对

从统筹城乡户籍制度改革对农村资源配置、农村有效投入、农村规模发展及农村技术人才4个方面分析统筹城乡户籍制度改革可能给农村发展造成人口空心化带来的影响和挑战,最后,基于土地流转、农村新型养老保险和发展农业机械化等角度提出了相应的建议。     

Urban forests as compensation measures for infrastructure development

Sustainable development requires, among other things, that development projects not result in the degradation of natural resources for outdoor recreation. There has been a rapid increase in knowledge regarding the importance of the external environment to our health and well-being. Stress is reduced significantly when people are exposed to health-promoting nature and landscape values. Many people are actively choosing to reduce their stress. Doctors today prescribe outdoor walks in peaceful environments for the same purpose. A high level of traffic noise increases stress. This paper discusses the application of silent values in an infrastructure development project, the extension of Sturup Airport, east of Malmö, Sweden and Copenhagen, Denmark. Through estimating the change in noise resulting from the development, it is possible to integrate mitigating and compensating measures in the planning process discussions. Such measures can be negotiated as conditions for authorization of the project. The airport is situated in an area rich in nature values for recreation. The airport expansion will mean both new noise impacting "silent" areas and increasing noise levels in already noise-affected areas. In this study, we have taken a positive stand on the silent areas, mostly agriculture land, where compensation measures could be taken, thus balancing the loss of silent nature values for recreation. Silent areas that will not be affected are suitable and feassible for compensation measures thus can be called compensation areas. In this way the development of new recreational areas, preferably designed as urban forests, are critical preconditions for the negotiations for the airport extension. The conclusion is that urban forest investments for health and well-being can be an important part of strategic decisions in spatial planning. As preconditions for a permit, the development and financing of new urban forests and green areas can be part of the total development plan. This is an issue of global interest, as many countries are in a process of rapid urbanization, and urban greening and urban forestry have an important role to play in the process of promoting quality of life and improving environmental quality.     

黄绵土营养诊断与双低油菜平衡施肥研究

采用温室盆栽与田间试验研究甘肃省高寒阴湿区黄绵土养分状况。结果表明,盆栽诊断黄绵土缺N、P、S和Zn,未表现缺B、Cu和Mn,Fe和Mo元素充足,N、P肥为大田该黄绵土种植油菜的主要限制因子,其次为S、B和Zn,土壤中不缺K,OPT中氮量适中。与OPT相比,减N、P、S、B和Zn油菜分别减产24.5%、27.1%、13.5%、16.8%和8.8%,而增加N用量则产量降低12.2%。推荐施肥N、P2O5、S、B、Zn分别为90、90、105、3.75、3.75kg·hm-2。盆栽诊断与大田平衡施肥间有很好的相关性,可用来指导大田试验。     

草地家畜放牧系统草畜平衡调控技术研究

划区轮牧是提高草地家畜系统产出和实现草地畜牧业可持续发展的最佳放牧制度。放牧管理的方针是把草层高度(草地牧草生物量)保持在最利于草地生长、草地质量和家畜采食的范围内。饲料计划依据不同的时期和管理层次分为饲料概算、饲料预算和放牧计划三个水平。饲料供给由草地牧草生长速度、草地生物量和补饲确定,而饲料需求由牧场家畜数量及其生产指标水平决定。实行季节畜牧业的经营管理策略,使草地供给和家畜需求达到季节和全年的动态平衡。系统管理和效益的三个关键是划区围栏、畜群结构和载畜量。     

统筹城乡背景下土地资源管理专业人才培养方案优化研究

从优化目标、优化原则、优化方案以及优化实施效果等方面,系统地讨论了基于统筹城乡背景下土地资源管理专业的人才培养方案。     

单双校正面现场智能整机动平衡仪的研制

介绍影响系数法实现旋转机械整机动平衡的原理，围绕如何提取不平衡振动的幅值与相位详细讨论用单片机技术实现现场智能整机动平衡仪的软、硬件设计。用开发的仪器在现场对风机进行了动平衡试验，使风机的振动从4．3mm／s降至0．3mm／s，取得了令人满意的效果。实践说明仪器的设计原理和方案是正确可行的，仪器在农机生产和维修中具有良好的应用前景。     

Balancing selection in Polish Arabian horses

Polish Arabian horses are a good example of a small population derived from a finite number of founders. Pedigree analysis showed significant reduction in the genetic diversity of the population. However, taking into account some circumstances suggesting the presence of balancing selection favouring heterozygotes in Polish breeding, it seems that this referred to pedigree uniformity rather than to a real decrease in genetic variability. The aim of the current study was to verify the hypothesis that balancing selection affects the population. The mare selection process was examined in detail regarding the polymorphism of 10 protein markers. The findings confirmed the tendency to favour the more heterozygous mares with regard to average heterozygosity in total and in relation to particular loci, studs, fathers and inbreeding ranges. The results were discussed in consideration of selection criteria, inbreeding level of Polish Arabs and heterozygosity in other populations.     

藏绵羊DQA座位基因的适应性进化研究

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是脊椎动物重要的功能基因家族之一,其所编码的MHC分子具有维持机体世代适应环境变化的能力和功能,是研究动物适应性进化研究的最佳遗传标记.本研究选择青藏高原的主要畜种资源——藏绵羊(Ovis aries)为研究对象,利用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态(polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism,PCR-SSCP)技术对甘肃(欧拉,乔科和甘加型)和青海(青海欧拉型和青海高原型)的5个藏绵羊生态群体的DQA座位基因遗传特征进行研究,以期揭示其与藏绵羊高原适应性进化的机制;结果在藏绵羊DQA座位的2个基因中发现了33个等位基因和125个核苷酸变异位点,表明5个生态群体藏绵羊的DQA座位基因均具有丰富的多态性;分析证明平衡选择是维持藏绵羊DQA座位基因多态性的主要机制之一,甘肃和青海5个藏绵羊生态群体DQA座位基因区域之间的变化(among groups)小于同一区域不同群体间的变化(among population with groups),进一步说明藏绵羊DQA座位基因发生了正选择作用和适应性进化.研究结果将为藏绵羊的遗传改良和种质创新提供基础数据.     

统筹城乡发展的制约因素及路径探讨

统筹城乡发展,推进社会主义新农村建设是中共党的十七大提出的科学发展观的具体诠释,是落实科学发展观的实际步骤。城乡统筹发展受到城乡居民收入差别、城乡经济结构、财政体制和公共服务机制等因素的制约,必须从推进户籍制度改革、调整农村经济结构、深化农村综合改革、加快财政金融体制改革、健全全社会保障和福利制度等方面开展工作。