南丰、衢州产区土壤及叶片中铜、锰含量的状况分析

采取南丰75个和衢州41个柑橘园土壤及叶片,对样品中铜和锰的含量进行分析。结果表明：南丰和衢州柑橘园土壤有效铜均表现为过量。其中,南丰土壤有效铜平均含量为3.00mg/kg,铜过量比例为85.3%;衢州土壤有效铜含量平均为3.68 mg/kg,铜过量比例为95.1%。南丰柑橘园土壤有效锰含量平均为7.41 mg/kg,缺乏比例为22.7%,适量比例为77.3%;衢州柑橘园土壤锰含量平均为7.21 mg/kg,缺乏比例为26.8%,适量比例为73.2%。南丰和衢州柑橘叶片铜含量均表现为过量。其中,南丰柑橘叶片铜含量平均为54.68mg/kg,过量比例为98.7%;衢州柑橘叶片铜含量平均为51.49mg/kg,过量比例为95.1%。南丰柑橘叶片锰含量平均为117.78 mg/kg,过量比例为78.7%;衢州柑橘叶片锰含量平均为99.79 mg/kg,过量比例仅为2.4%,其余均为适量。     

不同药剂混配使用对榆林地区马铃薯早疫病的田间防效试验

采用田间喷雾施药,在陕西省榆林市进行了马铃薯早疫病防治技术研究。开展不同药剂混配的防效比较试验。试验结果表明：不同处理均对早疫病有抑制作用,且存在显著差异,其中：苯酰锰锌+精甲霜锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯+枯草芽孢杆菌、代森锰锌+ 氟噻唑吡乙酮药剂组合对早疫病防效较好,防效分别为74.2%、70.3%、67.6%,兼有防控晚疫病作用,建议推广使用;丙森锌+烯酰吗啉、苯酰锰锌+精甲霜锰锌、氟啶胺+氟菌·霜霉威、嘧菌酯+噁酮·霜脲氰处理的防效较差,依次为：58.9%、54.6%、50.8%和50.5%。     

二氯异氰脲酸钠处理对香石竹切花的保鲜效应

 就杀菌剂二氯异氰脲酸钠（Sodium dichloroisocyanurate,DICA）处理对瓶插香石竹(Dianthus caryphyllus L.) 切花的保鲜效应进行了初步探讨。结果表明：与对照（蒸馏水）相比,15.4和77.0 mg·L^-1 DICA处理可使香石竹切花的瓶插寿命分别延长6.0 d和6.8 d,但后者对观赏品质有不利影响;DICA处理有利于减缓切花茎基部水分导度下降, 维持花枝的水分吸收和鲜重,尤以15.4 mg·L^-1 DICA处理为佳;细菌计数试验和抑菌圈试验表明DICA处理可有效抑制瓶插液中微生物的生长。     

Novel antibiotics as inhibitors for the selective respiratory inhibition method of measuring fungal:bacterial ratios in soil

The use of the selective inhibition (SI) method for measuring fungal:bacterial ratios may be limited due to biocide selectivity and the overlap of antibiotic activity. This study evaluated novel pairs of antibiotics for their specificity in soils of different origins and their potential reduction in inhibition of non-target organisms. Four soils selected for this study were from a semi-arid shrub-steppe, a loblolly pine forest and two grassland sites (restored and farmed prairie plots). Three bactericides were tested: oxytetracycline hydrochloride, streptomycin sulphate, and bronopol. Three fungicides were tested: captan, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The inhibitor additivity ratio and fungal:bacterial ratios were calculated from control and treated soils where inhibition was measured as CO₂ respiration reduction with biocides. We were able to minimize non-target inhibition by the antibiotics to <5% and thus calculate reliable fungal:bacterial ratios using captan to inhibit fungi in all four soils, and bronopol to inhibit bacteria in three of the four soils. The most successful bactericide in the restored prairie was oxytetracycline-HCl. Our results demonstrate that application of novel antibiotics is not uniformly successful in soils of different origin and that the SI technique requires more than just optimization of antibiotic concentration; it also requires optimization of antibiotic selection.     

不同药剂防治马铃薯黑痣病的田间药效试验

为筛选出防治马铃薯黑痣病最佳药剂,对9种杀菌剂和5种菌肥进行田间药效试验。结果表明,30%噻呋·嘧菌酯30mL/667m~2、250g/L戊唑醇5mL/667m~2和300g/L醚菌·啶酰菌5mL/667m~2防效较好,依次为62.4%、53.1%和50.7%,其他药剂防效均低于50%;测产结果表明,1,2-苯并噻唑-3-铜30mL/667m~2、1,2-苯并噻唑-3-铜40mL/667m~2、250g/L戊唑醇5mL/667m~2、300g/L醚菌·啶酰菌5mL/667m~2和30%噻呋·嘧菌酯30mL/667m~2的总产量分别为3 287.80 kg/667m~2、3 172.46kg/667m~2、3 104.37kg/667m~2、3 080.75 kg/667m~2和2 654.14 kg/667m~2,增产率分别是42.54%、 37.54%、34.59%、33.56%和15.06%,商品薯产量占总产量的比值分别为50.85%、48.31%、66.56%、 47.68%和65.29%。综合考虑,药剂噻呋·嘧菌酯和戊唑醇具有良好的防病促生效果,建议在生产上推广应用。     

梨火疫病病原菌的分离鉴定及室内抑菌药剂筛选

为明确新疆库尔勒地区梨火疫病致病菌,并筛选有效防治药剂。采用平板划线法获得分离物,结合致病性测定、形态学特征与分子生物学技术综合鉴定致病菌,采用“药液-菌液共培养法”与“抑菌圈法”测定16种杀菌剂对其室内毒力。鉴定分离物为Erwinia amylovora。16种杀菌剂对梨火疫病菌均有抑制作用。其中,0.3%四霉素AS抑菌效果最好,EC₅₀为2.968μg/mL。研究结果对梨火疫病田间药剂防治提供科学依据。     

寒地水稻褐变穗防治药剂效果研究

通过不同药剂对水稻褐变穗相对防效试验的研究,结果表明,参试的5种药剂中对水稻褐变穗相对防效最好的是2%加收米,相对防效61.5%,水稻产量最高,达到664.3kg/667 m2,较对照增产57.4 kg/667 m2,增产率9.5%。     

杀菌剂对棉花种子活力的影响

通过对9种杀菌种子处理的幼苗生长测定比较，不同杀菌剂对棉花种子活力的影响存在明显差异。大多数杀菌剂对种子的发芽势、苗鲜重、苗高有促进作用，对发芽率有抑制作用。大部分杀菌剂处理的种子活力提高。     

不同杀菌剂对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的抑菌效果

在实验室内,用生长速率法和孢子萌发法观测杀菌剂扑海因、百菌清、速克灵、烯唑醇、新万生、多菌灵、腈菌净、春雷霉素、甲基托布津对新月弯孢菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,扑海因和新万生对新月弯孢菌的菌落生长和孢子萌发均有强的抑制作用,速克灵次之。     

不同菠萝品种 杀菌剂和褐变抑制剂对鲜切菠萝贮藏品质的影响

研究了不同菠萝品种鲜切后冷藏的保鲜效果及不同杀菌剂和护色剂处理对鲜切菠萝保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,菠萝鲜切后在贮藏后期仍可保持较高的感官品质,并使果实保持一定的VC,TA,TSS含量。采用诺福水处理可明显抑制微生物的生长、保持鲜切菠萝的食用品质、延长货架期。采用质量分数为1%的抗坏血酸处理可显著地减缓果肉的褐变、色度L值和硬度的变化。