桑树内源激素及其生理效应的研究进展

综述了近２０年来桑树生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和脱落酸的研究进展。探讨了这五类激素在桑树生长发育和组织培养等方面的应用前景。     

活性炭对火鹤不定芽生根作用的研究

[目的]研究活性炭(AC)对火鹤不定芽生根的影响。[方法]以火鹤的无菌苗为材料,研究在分别含3种生长素(IAA、IBA、NAA)的培养基中添加活性炭对不定芽生根的影响。[结果]3种生长素促进生根的效果依次为IAA、IBA、NAA;添加活性炭能明显促进火鹤生根并降低培养基的染菌率;1/2MS+0.5 mg/L IAA+8.0 mg/L AC是火鹤的最适生根培养基,生根率为98%。[结论]为建立火鹤的高效快速繁殖体系奠定基础。     

红掌组织培养研究

以红掌无菌苗为材料,探索以丛生芽途径再生植株的方法进行快速增值,研究不同激素浓度对其芽增殖的影响。结果表明：红掌芽诱导的效果依次为：G3＞G2＞G1＞G6＞G4＞G5,其中诱导红掌芽分化最佳培养基为G3：M S＋6-BA1．5mg/L ,增殖倍数为27倍。     

打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素对烤烟田间生长、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响

通过田间试验研究了打顶后喷施油菜素内酯(BR)和生长素(IAA)对烤烟田间生长、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响。试验共设置6个处理,分别为:T1,清水;T2,10 mg?kg?1 BR;T3,10 mg?kg?1 IAA;T4,20 mg?kg?1 IAA;T5,10 mg?kg?1 IAA+10 mg?kg?1 BR;T6,20 mg?kg?1 IAA+10 mg?kg?1 BR。在打顶当天、打顶后15 d和30 d时测定烟株顶部5片烟叶的叶面积和各部位的干物质重,在打顶当天、打顶后10 d、20 d、30 d时测定烟株碳氮代谢关键酶的活性。结果表明:1)打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素能不同程度地促进上部烟叶开片,促进烟株根系生长,提高上部烟叶的产量,且以二者同时喷施时效果较好;2)除对照处理外,各处理的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均表现为先升高后降低,蔗糖转化酶和淀粉酶活性均表现为先降低后略微升高的变化趋势,说明打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素能增强烟株的碳氮代谢强度,但在一定程度上推迟了烟叶成熟落黄时期,延长了生育期;3)打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素可以有效提高烟叶钾含量、钾氯比、有机钾指数,并降低中、上部烟叶的烟碱和氯含量,且以对上部叶的作用效果最为明显,以二者同时施用时作用效果最好;4)处理T6(20 mg?kg?1 IAA+10 mg?kg?1 BR)促进烟株生长和提高烟叶品质的效果最佳,能使上部烟叶的钾含量、钾氯比、有机钾指数相对于对照T1分别提高40.9%、68.5%和0.524,使氯含量和烟碱分别降低16.2%和16.3%。总的来看,打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素可以促进烟株生长,增强碳氮代谢,提高烟叶钾含量、钾氯比和有机钾指数,降低烟碱和氯含量,进而提高烟叶的产质量。     

Euphorbia abyssinica latex promotes rooting of Boswellia cuttings

Traditional knowledge in northern Ethiopia points towards the root-stimulating properties of the latex found in Euphorbia abyssinica (EAG). Stem cuttings of EAG as well as cuttings of other species treated with EAG latex reportedly root easily in dry soil. This could be attributable to endogenous auxins contained in the latex. We screened EAG latex for auxins and precursor molecules using analytical LC-MS/MS, and tested the effect of EAG latex on the rooting of woody cuttings of Boswellia papyrifera, a threatened multipurpose tree. The EAG latex contained indole acetic acid (IAA) (0.06 μg/g latex), an auxin controlling apical dominance and lateral rooting, as well as IAA metabolites and conjugates. Boswellia cuttings treated with EAG latex rooted significantly sooner and showed higher survival ratios than untreated controls. EAG is widely available and its latex easy to obtain. Therefore it is a promising source of a natural plant growth regulator which may be used for improving low technology vegetative propagation of woody species in East and Northeast Africa, including the threatened Boswellia tree.     

乙炔催花对凤梨‘丹尼斯’花芽分化及内源激素含量的影响

为了探讨凤梨开花的生理机制以及为凤梨花期调控提供理论依据,以凤梨‘丹尼斯’为试材,研究乙炔催花对其花芽分化及内源激素含量的影响。结果表明：乙炔催花7天后诱导‘丹尼斯’进入花芽分化状态,其花芽分化进程可分为花芽未分化期、花序原基分化期、花原基分化期、花萼花瓣分化期、雌雄蕊分化期。在整个花芽分化过程中,植株生长点及叶片中生长素（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）含量未见明显改变,而玉米素核苷（ZRs）在花序原基分化期和花原基分化期呈现出2次显著增加,赤霉素（GAs）含量在花序原基分化期和器官分化早期显著下降,从而引起ABA/GAs、ZRs/GAs、ZRs/IAA比值在花序原基分化期、花原基分化期和器官分化早期显著增加。表明,高水平的ZRs含量、ABA/GAs、ZRs/GAs、ZRs/IAA比值以及低水平的GAs含量有利于凤梨‘丹尼斯’花芽分化的完成。     

“贝吉佳”草莓脱毒苗生根及驯化研究

[目的]研究"贝吉佳"草莓组培生根环境,并对组培苗进行驯化移栽。[方法]以"贝吉佳"草莓匍匐茎茎尖为外植体,研究其生根的影响因素及移栽基质对成活率的影响。[结果]最佳的生根培养基浓度为1/2MS,生根率可达100%;IBA的生根效果优于IAA,当IBA浓度为0.3 mg/L时生根效果最好,根粗壮,须根最多;活性炭浓度为0.5 g/L,最适合"贝吉佳"草莓根的生长。组培苗的驯化中,珍珠岩和蛭石组合基质的成活率明显高于腐殖土和沙子的基质组合,成活率最高可达98.1%(珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶1),在各种基质上的苗均可以正常开花结果、正常抽生匍匐茎。[结论]为实现"贝吉佳"草莓脱毒苗的规模化生产和快速培育优良种苗提供技术支持。     

Metal-induced oxidative stress impacting plant growth in contaminated soil is alleviated by microbial siderophores

High levels of metals impede plant growth by affecting physiological processes. Siderophores are microbial Fe-chelators that, however, bind other metals. This study evaluated plant growth in a soil containing elevated levels of metals, including Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and U, using Streptomyces-derived cell-free supernatant containing siderophores and auxins. Cowpea plants in the soil were treated with the culture filtrate. Growth was measured and biochemical analyses such as chlorophyll contents, RNA and protein quantification, lipid membrane peroxidation, and anti-oxidative responses were conducted to evaluate oxidative stress in the plants. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to simulate competition for siderophore binding, and metal content of plants was determined spectroscopically. Whereas the metals inhibited plant growth, addition of siderophores improved growth. There was evidence of lipid peroxidation, an enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, and lowered chlorophyll, RNA, protein, carotenoid and residual indole acetic acid contents, especially in control plants. Siderophore competition assays between Al and Fe, and Fe and Cu suggested that trivalent metals are more competitive for siderophore binding than divalent ones. Compared to control plants, higher amounts of metals were obtained in siderophore-treated plants. Siderophores were able to supply plants with Fe in the presence of levels of metals, mainly Al, Cu, Mn, Ni and U that otherwise inhibit Fe acquisition. This led to enhanced chlorophyll content, circumventing lipid peroxidation effects on leaves. Siderophores lowered the formation of free radicals, thereby protecting microbial auxins from degradation and enabling them to enhance plant growth which in turn resulted in augmented metal uptake.     

不同生长素处理对桉树无性系插条氧化酶活性影响的比较研究

尾叶桉MLA无性系 (简称MLA)是扦插难生根无性系 ,尾叶桉U6 无性系 (简称U6 )和刚果 12号桉W5无性系 (简称W5)是相对易生根无性系。分别用吲哚乙酸 (IAA)、吲哚丁酸 (IBA)、萘乙酸 (NAA)处理MLA、U6 和W5插条后 ,各无性系插条体内的过氧化物酶 (POD)、多酚氧化酶 (PPO)、吲哚乙酸氧化酶 (IAAO)活性呈现规律性的升高。在生根过程的不同时期 ,各酶的活性差异极显著 ,表明桉树插条的不定根发生和发展与POD、PPO、IAAO活性有密切联系。而IAA、IBA、NAA对不同无性系和不同的氧化酶活性的促进效果也有显著差异。讨论了生长素促进桉树插条氧化酶活性和不定根发生与发展的机理     

不同生长素对绣球丁香扦插生根的影响及其生根过程中相关酶活性的变化（英文）

[目的]研究不同生长素对绣球丁香扦插生根的影响及生根过程中相关酶活性的变化。[方法]以绣球丁香为材料,选用IBA、ABT、NAA 3种生长素分别于500、1 000、1 500、2 000 mg/L浓度下进行嫩枝扦插对比试验,研究生根过程中过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和吲哚乙酸氧化酶（IAAO）的活性变化。[结果]IBA、ABT、NAA 3种生长素的最适浓度分别为1 500、1 000、1 000 mg/L,其中以IBA 1 500 mg/L处理效果最佳。在整个生根过程中,处理组与对照组POD与PPO活性动态变化趋势基本一致,但处理组的POD与PPO活性显著提高且变化幅度更大;扦插初期对照组与处理组的IAAO活性呈相反的变化趋势,前者缓慢升高而后者迅速下降,且处理组显著低于对照组;此外,较高活性的POD与PPO利于不定根的诱导,较低活性的IAAO则利于不定根的发育与伸长。[结论]该研究初步揭示了绣球丁香嫩枝扦插的生根机理。