A faster inoculation assay for Armillaria using herbaceous plants

Armillaria (honey fungus) is a virulent necrotrophic pathogen that causes Armillaria root disease. Conventional Armillaria inoculation assays use young saplings as hosts and consequently are cumbersome, frequently conducted outdoors, and take many years from establishment to analysis of infection. We have developed and evaluated a faster inoculation assay for Armillaria that uses herbaceous plants as hosts, is carried out in controlled conditions, and reduces experimental durations to 3 months. Plant species of known susceptibility to Armillaria and comparisons between virulent A. mellea and opportunistic A. gallica were used to validate the assay. Mortality and diagnostic symptoms of Armillaria root disease such as epiphytic rhizomorphs and mycelial fans were used to assess levels of infection. We also attempted to reduce assay preparation time by substituting woody inocula with agar inocula, but typical symptoms of Armillaria root disease were only observed on plants infected with woody inocula. Through our assay, we identified five new potential herbaceous hosts of Armillaria: Kniphofia hirsuta, Hordeum vulgare, Lobelia cardinalis, Nicotiana tabacum and Helenium hoopesii – further expanding the extensive list of plants with susceptibility to Armillaria and suggesting infection of herbaceous species may be more widespread than currently acknowledged.     

正交法优选亮菌多糖脱色工艺研究

[目的]建立亮菌多糖脱色的最佳方法。[方法]以色素脱除率作为主要考察指标,通过单因素考察和正交法优化亮菌多糖脱色工艺。[结果]D152树脂、45℃、p H 5.0为最佳脱色条件。[结论]D152作用后色素脱除率高,糖保留率高,有益于下一步分离纯化。     

中药渣固体发酵亮菌产漆酶研究

[目的]研究中药渣固体发酵亮菌产漆酶及其发酵条件,以充分利用中药渣。[方法]在单因子试验基础上,用正交试验法对中药渣固体发酵亮菌的培养基和培养条件进行优化筛选。[结果]在供试的6种药渣培养基中以白芍药渣为碳源时产漆酶量最佳,其最适培养条件为葡萄糖0.6%,白芍麸皮比3∶7,温度25℃,含水量65%,接种量11%。[结论]供试6种中药渣固体发酵亮菌均可产漆酶,培养条件优化后,亮菌漆酶酶活力较初始培养基提高了19倍。     

2株优良天麻共生蜜环菌生长条件筛选

筛选出2株昭通本地天麻共生蜜环菌(SNA03、SNA04)菌索生长的最佳条件。采用单因素试验和正交试验法进行筛选,以生物量为考察指标。2株菌菌索生长的最适温度为25℃,暗培养下菌索生长速度最快;单糖(葡萄糖)为2菌株生长的最佳碳源,有机氮中的酵母膏和蛋白胨为最佳氮源,最适无机元素为K2SO4(SNA03)和KH2PO4(SNA04),最适维生素为VB2;最佳营养条件组合为葡萄糖∶酵母膏∶K2SO4(SNA03)或KH2PO4(SNA04)∶VB2=15g·L-1∶3g·L-1∶2g·L-1∶0.005g·L-)1,氮源(酵母膏)是影响菌索生长的最主要因素。来自昭通的2株天麻共生蜜环菌对营养和环境条件的要求基本一致。最佳生长条件的确定,对昭通蜜环菌快速工业化制种及天麻的大规模生产将起到一定的推动作用。     

环境因子对密环菌菌丝生长的影响

通过定性和定量分析，研究了环境条件对密环菌菌丝生长的影响，以求得最佳的生长条件。结果表明，密环菌生长的最适温度为25℃，pH值为5．0～6．0，黑暗对菌丝生长有促进作用，葡萄糖是其生长的最佳碳源，芝麻和大豆是最好的氮源。     

黑龙江省海林地区野生榛蘑生长环境调查

对海林地区野生榛蘑生长环境、气候状况、土壤特性进行了调查,对其生长情况及其与生长环境的相关性进行了分析.结果表明：土壤、温湿度和降雨量是影响野生榛蘑菌丝、子实体生长的主要因素.     

板栗苞培养蜜环菌栽培种研究

为了降低蜜环菌培养对阔叶树资源的消耗,研究了用板栗苞代替阔叶树木屑培养蜜环菌。结果表明:板栗苞替代阔叶树木屑培养蜜环菌效果良好。     

Interaction between root rot basidiomycetes and Phytophthora species on pedunculate oak

Forest declines are usually complex multifactorial phenomena that involve interactions between different factors. The possible interaction between different types of mycelial pathogens was investigated through artificial inoculation of oak seedlings, involving two root rot basidiomycetes, Collybia fusipes and Armillaria mellea, and two Phytophthora species, P. cinnamomi and P. cambivora. These pathogens were inoculated onto young Quercus robur saplings in greenhouse conditions, either alone or combining a root rot basidiomycete with a Phytophthora species. Three out of the four Phytophthora spp.*root rot basidiomycete combinations tested resulted in significantly greater damage to the oak host than the sum of the damages induced by the individual pathogens. This positive interaction could be significant in oak decline syndrome.     

菌材树种及用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的影响

研究不同菌材树种、菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻(Gastrodia elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow)无性繁殖的影响。结果表明,菌材树种对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖的产量和箭麻折干率均有极显著影响,刺叶栎类材质紧密树种所培养的天麻的产量和折干率极显著高于白桦类材质疏松树种;菌材用量对甘孜州野生乌天麻无性繁殖产量有极显著影响,但对箭麻折干率无影响。     

猪苓与蜜环菌共生体系的研究进展

猪苓(Polyporus umbellatus)和蜜环菌(Armillaria mellea)的共生关系一直是猪苓人工栽培和育种领域的研究热点。综合近来的研究,主要综述了猪苓的人工栽培应用以及猪苓与蜜环菌共生关系的研究进展。