两种乙烯抑制剂对苎麻(Boehmeria nivea(L.) Gaud)性别及植物学性状的影响

用AVG和AgNO3诱导苎麻以控制其花的性别表现。用不同处理浓度AVG(300、100mg/L)、AgNO3(100、300、500m g/L),在苎麻生长到15节时开始处理,观察统计雌花、雄花形成的数量并进行统计分析,找出最佳处理水平。结果表明,乙烯抑制剂可以控制苎麻的性别表现。AVG300mg/L、AgNO3300mg/L为最佳诱导剂浓度。     

乙烯对大豆产量及花器官发育的影响

    以大豆品种铁丰31为试验材料,探讨不同浓度乙烯抑制剂AVG(aminoethoxyvinylglycine)和促进剂ACC(1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid)对大豆花形态、花粉及单株产量等的影响.结果表明,供试品种经AVG处理后,与对照相比.成花量、花长度、花瓣长度、雄蕊柱长、花粉量、花粉管长度、秸杆重、单株荚数和单株产量随浓度增加而上升,花粉败育率下降,ACC处理的效果与AVG相反.两种处理对大豆花粉萌发率无明显影响.花粉扫描电镜结果显示,AVG处理的花粉长度增加,ACC处理的花粉部分出现扭曲与变形.     

O-酰基化丝氨酸的合成及其对樱桃番茄乙烯合成量和果实硬度的影响

通过L-丝氨酸与不同的酰氯在室温下反应,合成了8个未见文献报道的乙烯合成抑制剂O-酰基化丝氨酸（2a~2h）,其结构通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱确证。以氨乙氧乙烯基甘氨酸（aminoethoxyvinylglycine,AVG）为阳性对照,测定了目标化合物对樱桃番茄Lycopersivon esculentum Mill.乙烯合成量和果实硬度的影响,同时运用分子对接的方法分析了目标化合物与番茄1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC）合成酶（ACS, 1IAY）可能的结合模式。结果显示:大部分目标化合物具有延缓樱桃番茄果实软化和抑制乙烯合成的作用,其中化合物2c和2h效果较为突出。用2c和2h处理番茄后第5天,与空白对照相比,果实硬度分别提高27.62%和40.04%,均与AVG处理无显著性差异;2c和2h对乙烯合成量的抑制率分别达71.89%和53.28%,其中2c处理的抑制效果显著优于AVG处理。分子对接方法分析结果表明:化合物2c与番茄ACS酶活性空腔的氨基酸残基有较好的相互作用,2c的羧基可与Ala54和Arg412的氨基形成氢键,从而占据ACS酶的活性空腔。O-酰基化丝氨酸类化合物结构简单,容易获取,对乙烯合成抑制剂的开发具有推动作用。     

混用4PU—30、Pix和AVG提高棉花成铃的效果及机理

4PU 30、Pix和AVG混合施用能有效地促进棉铃迅速生长 ,提高成铃率 ,增加单株结铃数。开花后 4d、8d、12d、16d、2 0d和 2 5d ,混合施用处理单铃鲜重分别比对照高 8 0 %、8 6 %、14 2 %、11 4%、10 7%和 6 3% ;单铃干重分别比对照高 11 8%、14 0 %、8 5 %、13 5 %、11 0 %和 9 7%。 4PU 30、Pix和AVG混用处理与对照相比 ,棉花单株成铃率提高 1 4个百分点 ;单株结铃数多 1 8个 ,增加 9 4% ;且棉铃中内源iPAs、ABA水平显著提高 ;内源GAs、IAA水平显著降低     

Fruit quality in ‘Cripp's Pink’ apple,especially colour,as affected by preharvest sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and ethephon

‘Cripp's Pink’ apple grown in Western Australia often develops poor colour at commercial harvest resulting in economic losses. To determine if fruit colour could be improved without advancing ripening, ‘Cripp's Pink’ apple fruit on trees were sprayed with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) alone, ethephon alone, or AVG followed by ethephon. The experiments were conducted at two different locations in Western Australia in 2002 and 2003. Fruit sprayed with AVG alone had retarded colour development at harvest. However, ethephon applied after AVG enhanced percent red blush, anthocyanin concentration and reduced chlorophyll concentration in the fruit skin in both locations. These fruit had similar colour to those treated with ethephon alone. Internal ethylene concentration and fruit firmness were unaffected by the different treatments in 2002. However, in 2003 AVG with or without ethephon reduced internal ethylene concentration and maintained firmness compared to ethephon alone. In conclusion, AVG treatment alone delayed colour development and ripening of ‘Cripp's Pink’, while AVG application 5 weeks before harvest followed by an ethephon application 2 weeks later enhanced red colour at commercial harvest. This is, therefore, an effective tool for improving colour of ‘Cripp's Pink’ apples at commercial harvest without adversely affecting other fruit quality attributes.     

Application of GA3, AVG and choline chloride to peach trees: Effects on nutritional status of fruit

This research was aimed to determine the effects of plant regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA₃), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and choline chloride (CC) on the nutrient components in the fruit of ‘Monroe’ peach under Isparta in Turkey ecological condition. AVG at doses of 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm, GA₃ at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300 ppm and CC at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 pmm was sprayed on the peaches 7, 21 and 30 days before commercial harvests. All concentrations of AVG treatments were found to increase the amount of nitrogen in fruits. In general, it was observed that CC and GA₃ applications reduced the amount of calcium in fruits, however, AVG applications were found to not be effective. In the first year, the statistically significant of AVG treatments was seen on magnesium content only. It was determined in our study that AVG and CC treatments reduced copper content in peach fruits, all applications decreased the amount of manganese, 100 ppm AVG application increased the element zinc, and all of CC applications minimized the amount of that element.     

两种乙烯抑制剂对苎麻(Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud)性别及植物学性状的影响

用AVG和AgNO3诱导苎麻以控制其花的性别表现。用不同处理浓度AVG（300、100mg／L）、AgNO3（100、300、500mg／L），在苎麻生长到15节时开始处理，观察统计雌花、雄花形成的数量并进行统计分析，找出最佳处理水平。结果表明，乙烯抑制剂可以控制苎麻的性别表现。AVG300mg／L、AgNO3300mg／L为最佳诱导剂浓度。     

农用AGV视觉导航中基准线提取算法的研究

[目的]寻找用于农用AGV视觉导航曲线基准线的提取算法。[方法]针对农用AGV视觉导航基准线假定为直线而容易受作物残留物等因素的影响,引入了曲线导航基准线的提取算法。[结果]曲线导航基准线的提取算法为首先分割图像,将作物等植被和土壤等背景分离,然后在分割图像中以每行最大空隙的中点为标志点,逐行检查标志点,调整偏移较大的标志点,若与前一行标志点位移大于T,则缩小位移为t,最后连接标志点。曲线基准线提取算法更注重基准线的偏向与行进方向的一致性。[结论]在较多残留物和作物行缺乏规则的情况下,曲线基准线的大部分点都落在行进方向上,并总体向右倾斜,基本上反映了农用AGV的行进路线,提高了农用AGV导航精度。     

Volatile production by ‘Golden Delicious’ apples is affected by preharvest application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine

The effect of AVG application on the quality and volatile production of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, grown in Chihuahua Mexico, was evaluated. AVG (125 g AVG/ha) was applied on apple trees four weeks before harvesting. Apples were harvested 176 days after full bloom and stored at 8 °C for 35 d. Quality parameters and volatile compounds were periodically evaluated. AVG application retarded color changes, and preserved acidity of apples during storage. Ethylene synthesis was also delayed by AVG. Control apples presented higher total soluble solids content than AVG-treated apples at the end of cold storage. Volatile production was affected by AVG application, especially in the case of esters and alcohols, which presented 59% and 33% lower values in AVG-treated apples at the end of storage. A higher concentration of aldehydes was observed at harvest time in AVG-treated apples; however, no difference was observed between treatments during storage. Higher correlations between ethylene production and aldehydes and alcohols were found in control apples (0.98, and 0.98, respectively), than in AVG-treated apples (0.6 and 0.90, respectively). AVG application on ‘Golden Delicious’ apples conferred a variety of benefits, such as delaying maturation, maintaining color, and reducing changes in acidity and total soluble solids. However, AVG treatment negatively affects the production of some volatile compounds.     

Effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), environment,and genotype in overcoming hybridization barriers between Cucumis species

Summary It was attempted to overcome crossing barriers between the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), the melon (C. melo L.) and two wild Cucumis spp. (C. metuliferus Naud. and C. zeyheri 2x Sond.) by application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and by limiting the amount of rooting substrate. The reciprocal crosses between both wild species were used as a model system.Crosses between C. metuliferus and C. zeyheri 2x succeeded well if the maternal plants were grown in containers of 10 or 25 1 instead of in open soil. This treatment also improved crossability in the cross C. metuliferus x C. melo. It strongly enhanced the number of female flowers per plant in C. metuliferus. Application of AVG to pollinated flowers initially seemed also to improve crossability in these cross combinations, but later on this effect was not found again.Significant genetic variation for crossability was found in C. zeyheri 2x. Rare plants yielded numerous fruits with embryos after crosses with C. metuliferus and also with C. sativus. Clones from these plants gave similar results.Excessive temperature and radiation decreased crossability especially in crosses with C. metuliferus and C. sativus as maternal parent.