脂肪细胞膜免疫降脂的研究

本文综述了利用脂肪细胞膜免疫技术进行畜禽脂肪代谢研究的成果，其技术路线主要包括试验途径和方法、免疫机理、降脂效果及特异性脂肪膜蛋白的研究启示，从而为脂肪细胞膜免疫降脂试验提供成功的范例和科学的依据，并开辟降低脂肪、提高瘦肉率研究的新领域。     

磷酰胺除草剂APM诱导洋葱根尖分生组织细胞异常有丝分裂和蛋白质组分变化

研究了不同浓度APM(4～6 μmol/L)和不同处理时间(4～6 h)对洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响.结果表明,当用5.6 μmol/L APM处理洋葱分生组织16 h后,中期细胞有丝分裂指数(Met.Ⅰ)从0.8(对照)分别提高至5.0、5.2.结果也同时表明,当APM浓度超过4 μmol/L时,严重影响细胞有丝分裂.在根尖细胞中,多极分裂细胞(尤其是3～4级),中期染色     

新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳防治作用的研究

为了验证针对酒精阳性乳（alcohol positive milk,AMP）发病机理制作的新型预混料对奶牛酒精阳性乳的防治效果,本研究设计了试验1和试验2：在试验1中,根据泌乳天数、酒精阳性乳程度,采用完全随机区组方法将100头荷斯坦泌乳后期牛分为对照组、低剂量（LDG）、中剂量（MDG）和高剂量组（HDG）,每组5个重复,每个重复5头牛,各组在日粮中依次添加0、50、100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料,试验期26 d,3 d为1个采样周期;在试验2中,按照试验1的分组方法,将370头荷斯坦泌乳后期奶牛分为对照组和试验组,每组185头,在日粮中依次添加0和100 g/（头·d）新型预混料,试验期35 d,每5 d为1个采样周期。将奶样与等量的75%中性酒精混合,通过观察奶样状态判断酒精阳性乳发生程度。试验1结果表明,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加50 g/（头·d）新型预混料对酒精阳性乳的发生率有一定的影响（P>0.05）;日粮中添加100和150 g/（头·d）新型预混料能显著降低酒精阳性乳发生率（P<0.05）,尤其对降低强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率效果极显著（P<0.01）,但两组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验2结果表明,到试验结束时,日粮中添加100 g/（头·d）新型预混料可使酒精阳性乳总发生率降低75.73%,强阳性酒精阳性乳发生率降低90.82%。以上结果表明,新型预混料能有效防治奶牛酒精阳性乳的发生,且日粮中新型预混料的最佳添加量是100 g/（头·d）。     

Chromosome doubling of Lychnis spp. by in vitro spindle toxin treatment of nodal segments

Lychnis (Caryophyllaceae) consists of about 30 species distributed throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, from East Asia to Europe. Many Lychnis spp. have high ornamental value and cultivated as pot or garden plants. In the present study, in vitro chromosome doubling of several Lychnis spp. was examined in order to widen their variability in horticultural traits. Initially effect of various spindle toxin treatments [100, 500 or 1000 mg l⁻¹ colchicine (COL), 10, 20 or 50 mg l⁻¹ oryzalin (ORY), or 1, 5, 10 mg l⁻¹ amiprophos-methyl (APM)] of nodal segments of a triploid genotype of L. senno (3x) was investigated on survival of nodal segments and chromosome doubling in nodal segment-derived plantlets. Significantly higher percentage (75.0%) of surviving segments after spindle toxin treatment was obtained in 10 mg l⁻¹ ORY treatment. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of leaf tissues showed that 9.4–13.8% of plantlets, which were derived from 10 to 20 mg l⁻¹ ORY, or 5 mg l⁻¹ APM treatments, were hexaploid (6x) or ploidy chimera (3x + 6x, 4x + 6x, 5x + 6x, 3x + 4x + 6x). The results obtained by FCM analysis were confirmed by chromosome observation in root tip cells. Thus 10 mg l⁻¹ ORY treatment of nodal segments is suitable for in vitro chromosome doubling of triploid L. senno. Efficient chromosome doubling was also achieved in diploid L. fulgens (2x) and L. sieboldii (2x) by treating nodal segments with 10 mg l⁻¹ ORY: 68.9–88.7% of nodal segments survived after ORY treatment, and 24.7–26.5% of plantlets derived from ORY-treated nodal segments were tetraploid (4x) or ploidy chimera (2x + 4x) in both species. These results indicate that the in vitro chromosome doubling method established for triploid L. senno may be applicable to a wide range of Lychnis spp. Tetraploid L. fulgens and L. sieboldii showed a compact plant form, and had thick stems and deep green leaves compared with the diploid mother plants. On the other hand, hexaploid L. senno showed very poor growth and died before flowering.     

土地生产模型及其应用

介绍了土地生产模型的结构及其主要原理，并指出应用土地生产模型所需要的有关数据。     

利用土地生产模型模拟尼泊尔的森林破坏(英文)

本文利用土地生产模型基于人口增长率、国民生产总值增长率和农业生产率的增长率来 预测尼泊尔国家,Chitwan地区,Jutpani村的森林破坏的面积与趋势。在研究中如果上述各项 增长率保持目前水平不变，通过土地生产模型的模拟，研究区域的所有林业用地将以每年24 %的速率在2038年全部变为农业用地；假设自给作物生产率每年按1%增长，经济作物按2%增 长，则每年林业用地转换为农业用地的速率降低为17%，但到2038年可能只留有124公顷的森 林。因此农业生产率是影响森林破坏的主要因素，加强农业管理极为重要。     

不同剂量脂肪膜抗体对大鼠脂肪沉积的影响及其机制

过多的脂肪沉积影响肉的品质。(110±10)g雌性(♀)SD大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)150只,随机分成5组,分别在基础日粮中添加0、75、500、1000和6000mg/kg含脂肪细胞膜卵黄抗体的阳性卵黄粉。75d屠宰,采集血样、肠系膜脂、子宫周脂、肾脂肪囊和下丘脑。放射免疫法测定血清Insulin和Leptin浓度。用RT-PCR方法,以18S rRNA作内标分析不同部位脂肪组织中Leptin、Bcl-2和Bax mRNA和下丘脑Ob基因b型受体(Ob-Rb)mRNA表达,并测定各部位脂肪组织DNA和RNA含量。结果显示,卵黄抗体处理可降低大鼠腹腔内总脂重和腹腔内总脂指数,其中75和6000mg/kg阳性卵黄粉组效果明显,但对体重、摄食量和腓肠肌重无显著影响。6000mg/kg阳性卵黄粉组可降低血清甘油三酯,升高血清游离脂肪酸;降低子宫周脂和肾脂肪囊DNA含量和总量。75mg/kg阳性卵黄粉组可降低子宫周脂和肾脂肪囊DNA总量;两剂量组均可降低血清胰岛素、子宫周脂和肾脂肪囊Leptin mRNA表达,上调下丘脑Ob-Rb mRNA表达;降低子宫周脂Bcl-2mRNA和Bax mRNA表达,...     

甲基氨草磷对橡胶树悬浮细胞同步化及微核诱导的影响

植物微原生质体融合(microprotoplast fusion)是将部分基因组转移而又避免染色体损伤的不对称融合技术,微原生质体成功诱导是微原生质体融合的先决条件。本研究在摸索甲基氨草磷(amiprophos-methyl,APM)对橡胶树悬浮细胞有丝分裂中期指数和染色体形态影响基础上,研究了酶解时间及酶解过程中添加APM对微原生质体产量的影响。结果发现,悬浮细胞随APM处理浓度和时间的增加,有丝分裂中期指数先升高再下降,处理12 h时达到最大值;染色体聚集程度也先增加再降低,处理16 h时染色体开始解聚。在酶解过程中添加APM和延长酶解时间会大大降低微原生质体的产量。悬浮细胞经过1 μmol/L APM处理10 h后,酶解10 h,中期细胞可达到79.4%,微核化细胞指数达到7.3%,从而建立了APM诱导橡胶树悬浮细胞同步化及高效获得橡胶树微化细胞的方法。     

Effect of chicken egg yolk antibody against adipose tissue plasma membranes on carcass composition and lipogenic hormones and enzymes in pigs

Chicken egg yolk antibody against pig adipose tissue plasma membranes (AIgY) was raised and used in the present experiment to evaluate the effect of dietary AIgY supplementation on pig growth and carcass composition. 160 crossbred (Duroc–Jersey × Landrace·Meishan) pigs, with initial live body weight of 27.5 ± 2.4 kg, were treated with AIgY or non-immunized control egg yolk powder (NIgY) at the inclusion level of 75 mg/kg diet. Following a 104-day trial, the pigs were slaughtered for analyzing the carcass and meat quality traits. The perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat depots were weighed and the diameter of adipocytes from different fat depots was measured with histological methods. Serum concentrations of insulin and leptin as well as the activities of malic enzyme (ME) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue were measured. Dietary supplementation of AIgY enhanced average daily gain and feed efficiency by 13.03% (P < 0.01) and 7.49%, respectively, with no influence on feed consumption. AIgY increased the lean mass by 10.3% (P < 0.01) without affecting the dressing percentage. Backfat thickness at 6th–7th rib and the weights of perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat depots were reduced by 24.14% (P < 0.01), 27.27% (P < 0.05), 20.42% (P < 0.01) and 29.21% (P < 0.01), respectively. Dietary supplementation of AIgY reduced the size of adipocytes in all the three fat pads (P < 0.05). The meat color was improved whereas the marbling score, the intramuscular fat content, and pH₄₅ of the longissimus muscle remained unaffected. Serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) while urea-N content was reduced (P < 0.05). No alterations were detected for the serum levels of triacylglycerides (TG) and glucose. Serum concentrations of insulin and leptin were decreased by 26.19% (P < 0.05) and 26.53% (P < 0.05), respectively. LPL activity in adipose tissue was depressed significantly (P < 0.05) without affecting ME activity. This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation of AIgY can effectively improve growth and carcass composition of pigs and the changes of serum insulin and leptin levels as well as the tissue LPL activity may be involved in the acting mechanism.     

花粉中微管与花粉管伸长及其胞质颗粒运动的关系

采用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分离花粉中的微管蛋白。并用间接免疫荧光技术观察到花粉管中存在微管,这些微管呈束状形成花粉管伸长方向分布。花粉培养在含不同微管解聚剂的培养液中,发现这些药剂对花粉萌发均有抑制作用,但其抑制的有效浓度不同。以植物微管特效解聚剂甲基氨草磷抑制的有效浓度为最低。用ＡＰＭ处理已萌发的花粉,还发现它能减缓花粉管中胞质颗粒运动的速度,甚至使运动停止。但这种抑制是可逆的。以上结果表明花粉管中存