小麦抗叶锈病Lr35基因同源序列RGA1侧翼序列的扩增与分析

利用小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系材料TcLr35,根据已扩增出的Lr35相关基因组DNA片段RGA1设计3对特异性引物,通过热不对称交错PCR技术获得2个有效扩增片段,将目的片段回收纯化,连接到pGEM-TEasy载体,转化EcoliDH5α感受态细胞中,经EcoRⅠ酶切,验证插入片段,选择合适菌液测序。获得了2条侧翼序列,长度分别为511bp和614bp,与RGA1重叠区分别为293bp和509bp,分别向3'端和5'端延长了208bp和100bp,拼接后序列为915bp。经BLASTn同源性比较与小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr21同源性为93%(score值为674,E值为0.0),与含有Lr10基因的450Kb大片段重叠群同源性为90%(score值为260,E值为7e-66),该研究为克隆Lr35目的基因奠定了基础。     

150个小麦品种（系）抗叶锈基因Lr35分子鉴定

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr35是成株抗性基因,在二叶期即表现连续抗性,被认为是有用的抗病资源。本研究利用以PCR为基础的STS、SCAR分子标记技术,对150个小麦品种(系)进行了分析,检测出8个小麦品种(6068,白蚰包,中麦9,早洋,碧玛1号,小偃7631,东方红3号和Madsen)含有Lr35基因。结合室内接种鉴定技术 (叶锈菌株为对Lr35无毒力的99-8-11-5),结果表明,这8个小麦品种虽在分子水平上含有Lr35基因,但在侵染类型上具有一定差异,其中东方红3号表现对菌株的亲和性。     

橡胶树胶孢炭疽菌效应蛋白基因CgE35对孢子产量的影响

橡胶树炭疽病是橡胶树的重要真菌病害之一,主要由胶孢炭疽菌引起。效应蛋白是病原菌侵染植物的重要致病因子,在寄主与病原菌的相互识别中发挥重要作用。为了进一步阐明橡胶树炭疽菌的致病机理,课题组前期对橡胶树胶孢炭疽菌的效应蛋白在基因组水平上进行了预测,其中一个编码候选效应蛋白的基因被命名为CgE35。本研究对CgE35基因进行了扩增,并对其所编码的效应蛋白CgE35进行了生物信息学的分析,分析结果表明,该基因编码一条由200个氨基酸组成的多肽,分子质量约为21.7 kD,其氨基段含有一段由24个氨基酸组成的典型信号肽序列,且该蛋白不含任何跨膜结构域和已知的保守结构域。为了进一步研究该基因的功能,我们根据同源重组原理,构建了 CgE35基因的敲除载体pCB1532-CgE35,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化法将其转入胶孢炭疽菌原生质体细胞中进行同源交换,经过对转化子进行抗性筛选和分子鉴定,获得CgE35基因的敲除突变体ACgE35,并对其孢子产量和菌落生长情况进行分析,发现胶孢炭疽菌CgE35基因的敲除突变体ACgE35的孢子产量明显低于野生型菌株,而二者的菌落生长情况没有差异。以上结果表明,橡胶树胶孢炭疽菌CgE35基因编码一个未知功能的分泌蛋白,该基因与胶孢炭疽菌的产孢能力有关,但与其菌丝的生长关系不大。本研究结果为阐明胶孢炭疽菌的致病机理,建立新型橡胶树炭疽病防控策略提供理论依据。     

螺旋毛壳ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的诱导、性质及其抑菌作用

 以病原菌Rhizoctonia solani的细胞壁为诱导物,模拟毛壳菌自然的重寄生过程,研究了内生真菌螺旋毛壳(Chaetomium spirale) ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的产酶条件、性质,尤其是不同碳源的调控作用。结果表明,不同种类的真菌细胞壁及几丁质和昆布多糖,均可诱导产生β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,而作为分解代谢产物的葡萄糖则抑制产酶。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析及Phenyl-Sepharose疏水层析,并通过SDS-PAGE鉴定,纯化了一种分子量约为73 kDa的内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶GLUC73。其最适反应温度为55℃,在40℃以下较稳定;最适pH值为5.5,在pH 5-9范围内均很稳定;酶活性受Hg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子不同程度的抑制,Mn²⁺和Co²⁺对酶有激活作用;以昆布多糖为底物时,该酶的米氏常数K_m为0.412 mg·mL^-1,最大反直速度V_max为3.876 U·mL^-1。粗酶液同时具有β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性,离体抑菌试验表明,对苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、杨树腐烂病菌(Valsa sordida)、苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用。通过对β-1,3-葡聚糖进行免疫细胞化学标记和超微结构观察,间接证明了β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在螺旋毛壳重寄生过程中的作用。     

梨自交不亲和新基因S35-RNase的克隆与表达分析

  通过RACE技术, 从早酥梨花柱中分离到一个长度为681 bp的自交不亲和基因, DNA序列分析表明, 其开放读码框由227个氨基酸组成, 具有S2RN ase基因特有的保守组氨酸和半胱氨酸残基、高变区和保守区等特征序列, 与己登录的S₄-RNase基因DNA序列同源性最高, 达94% , 登录为一个新基因:S₃₅-RNase, GenBank接收号为DQ224344。通过Northern杂交, 发现该基因只在花柱中特异性表达, 并且在大铃铛期的表达量比花前和花后3 d的表达量都高。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒p35基因的核苷酸序列分析

对家蚕核型多角体病毒苏州株 (BmNPVsu)p35基因的序列分析表明 :BmNPVsup35编码序列为 897nt,编码 2 98aa。同源性分析表明 :BmNPVsup35与BmNPVT3、AcNPV、SlNPV在核苷酸水平上同源性分别为 99.5%、95.1 %、89.3% ,在氨基酸水平上的同源性分别为 98.7%、89.4 %、76.4 % ,显示了杆状病毒p35基因在进化上的保守性。BmNPVT3中位的N14 6、S2 0 2 、E2 0 4 、K2 4 4 ,在BmNPVsu中分别被G、N、Q、N取代 ,BmNPVT3中S2 2 2 ,在BmNPVsuP35中发生了缺失。推测BmNPVsuP35蛋白的功能及抑制细胞凋亡的能力与BmNPVT3P35蛋白的相似     

74杨和35杨的引种

从意大利引进的欧美杨无性系74杨及美洲黑杨无性系35杨,4年生材积分别达到0.3031、0.3256立方米,超过对照72杨的16.4%和25%,并超过了它们在意大利的生长量,现已正常开花结实.同时,具有易扦插繁殖、造林成活率高、不感染严重病虫害的优良特性,可以在气候温暖的地区进一步开展无性系区域试验,以便为大规模推广提供科学依据.     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

Hormonal influences on in vitro [35S]-sulfate uptake by gill arches from the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

A bioassay for insulin-like growth factor (IGF), based on the in vitro incorporation of [³⁵S]-sulfate into gill arch tissue was used to study the hormonal regulation of proteoglycan synthesis in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). [³⁵S]-sulfate incorporation into gill arch tissue was found to be time-dependent with maximal uptake occurring by 48h, suggesting that proteoglycan synthesis in this tissue was maintained for at least 48h in vitro. The addition of human recombinant IGF-I (IGF-I) to the incubation medium was found to significantly stimulate [³⁵S]-sulfate uptake into the gill arches, whereas bovine growth hormone (GH) was without effect. Porcine insulin was also stimulatory, but results indicate that the effects of porcine insulin and IGF-I may be mediated by a single receptor system. Finally, arches from hypophysectomized fish were significantly less responsive to IGF-I than were arches from sham-operated fish. Furthermore, administration of ovine GH in vivo appeared to increase subsequent responsiveness in vitro. Together, these results provide evidence that the growth-promoting actions of GH in the goldfish may be mediated, at least in part, by a peptide related in structure to mammalian IGF-I.     

荠菜CBF冷诱导途径多价载体的构建和烟草转化

为了研究荠菜CBF抗冷途径多基因共表达对转基因植株耐寒性的影响,通过同尾酶法将CbCBF、CbICE53、CbRCI35以及CbCOR15bP进行结合,构建了CbCOR15bP::CbICE53+pCaMV35S::CbCBF+pCaMV35S::CbRCI35多价植物表达载体并进行了烟草的转化,通过形态观察以及电解质渗透率和相对水含量这两个生理指标的测定显示,转基因植株在4℃和-4℃低温处理情况下,多基因共转化的转基因植株在电解质渗透率和相对水含量与野生型和空载对照之间的差异非常明显,转基因植株在低温下的抗寒冻能力也明显增强,说明CBF途径多基因共转化可以明显提高烟草的抗寒冻能力,此项研究具有一定的实际应用意义。