赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及胰腺内分泌机能的影响

将55头21日龄断奶的雄性仔猪随机分为5组，各组仔猪饲喂赖氨酸含量为0．60％、0．80％、1．00％、1．20％和1．40％的试验日粮21d。42日龄结束饲养试验时进行葡萄糖灌注试验，观察赖氨酸采食量对早期断奶仔猪生长发育和胰腺内分泌的影响。结果表明：早期断奶仔猪体增重与赖氨酸采食量为强正相关，根椐体增重指标，21～42日龄阶段，仔猪的赖氨酸采食量不应低于3．16g／d，日粮赖氨酸含量不应低于1.40％。赖氨酸严重缺乏(采食量小于1．45g／d)时，胰岛素的分泌量下降，对高血糖应激的反应能力降低。     

苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态的影响

为观察苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元对早期断奶仔猪不同时期小肠黏膜绒毛长度、隐窝深度和绒腺比的影响,试验选用60头（21±2）日龄体质量相近的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加0．5％,1．0％,2．0％的合生元,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期4周。结果表明,合生元组可显著提高仔猪小肠绒毛的高度,其中2．0％舍生元组效果较好;对小肠黏膜隐窝深度方面的差异不显著;饲喂合生元可以提高小肠黏膜绒腺比,其中以0．5％合生元组和2．0％合生元组效果明显。在本试验饲养方式下,苦豆籽粕一两歧双歧杆菌一唾液乳杆菌合生元可以改善肠道黏膜形态结构,尤以2．0％剂量组效果较好,适宜于生产实践。     

谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选取21日龄断奶杜大长仔猪60头(体重接近5 kg),按试验要求随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10头.研究饲粮中添加1%谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长的影响.结果表明,试验组在第9 d后腹泻率明显下降,而对照组在整个过程中的腹泻率较高,断奶8～11 d一直维持50%～60%的腹泻率,另外腹泻延续的时间较长,断奶12～15 d仍有20%～30%的腹泻率.断奶1～10 d,试验组料重比比对照降低了12.05%(P＜0.05).断奶11～20 d,试验组日增重比对照组提高27.75%(P＜0.05),试验组采食量、料重比与对照组相近.断奶10 d,试验组血清尿素氮水平比对照组低17.36%(P＞0.05),但对血清总蛋白和血清白蛋白水平无明显影响.断奶20 d,谷氨酰胺对血清尿素氮和总蛋白有一定影响,试验组血清尿素氮水平比对照组低4.26%(P＞0.05),血清总蛋白水平比对照组高18.70%(P＞0.05),谷氨酰胺对血清白蛋白水平无明显影响.饲粮添加谷氨酰胺对T3,T4水平无明显影响,但对生长激素水平有一定的提高作用.     

Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 100 male piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with a body weight of 8.0 ± 0.2 kg weaned at the age of 28 days were randomly assigned to two treatments with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Piglets received a basal diet (control group) or diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg SB. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary SB significantly decreased (p < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets, but did not affect (p > 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain (F/G). Furthermore, piglets fed dietary SB had higher (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of glucose and triglycerides and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cortisol, D‐lactic acid and diamine oxidase when compared with the control group. However, dietary SB did not affect concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, insulin and glucagon (p > 0.05). There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on serum IgA and IgM, whereas serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum from pigs fed SB were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those given the basal diet. In conclusion, the present study indicated that dietary SB significantly decreased diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets and increased the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Also, dietary SB could regulate and enhance the immune function of piglets by increasing the serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum. Our results suggest that SB may reduce some of the adverse effects of weaning stress and play an important role in maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosa.     

酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

随机选取28日龄体重为(7.51±0.72)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪72头,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,4个处理组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,分别添加酵母β-葡聚糖0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%。试验结果表明,28日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖均能不同程度地提高仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量,降低大肠杆菌的数量,改善了断奶仔猪肠道正常菌群结构。     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

早期断奶仔猪营养性腹泻的分析及防治

仔猪腹泻是一种严重制约养猪业发展的疾病,其发生由应激、环境、营养等多种因素造成。本文主要从营养方面阐述了早期断奶仔猪发生腹泻的原因,并综合近年研究资料,论述了各种营养因素对仔猪营养性腹泻的改善作用,为研究合理的断奶仔猪日粮提供理论依据。     

液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响

试验选用平均体重为(2.63±0.15)kg、(14±2)日龄的断奶仔猪(云南地方撒坝猪)20头,随机分为对照组和试验组2组,进行32d对比试验。研究了液态饲料对超早期断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明,液态饲料能显著促进超早期断奶(SEW)仔猪肠道内乳酸杆菌生长,同时显著降低大肠杆菌含量(P<0.05)。     

不同类型小肽产品对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验研究了3种不同类型的小肽产品等蛋白取代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对21d断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。选用体重近似的192头(21±1)d断奶的皮杜长大四元杂交仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复栏8头猪。4个处理日粮分别为:添加2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉的对照组和分别添加2%小肽产品A、B和C等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉的T1、T2和T3试验组。试验期为21d。试验结果表明,添加3种不同肽产品等蛋白取代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05),小肽产品可以部分等蛋白取代断奶仔猪日粮中的血浆蛋白粉。     

两种免疫增强制剂对早期断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交仔猪15头,平均初始体重为(5.22±0.89)kg,随机分为3组:活性卵白组、活性酵母组和对照组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别口服卵白制剂及酵母制剂,剂量为10 mL/只,连续服用10 d。应用红细胞C3b受体花环(Erythrocyte C3bR,E-C3bR)试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环(ErythrocyteICR,E-ICR)试验,探讨两种免疫增强制剂在服药不同时间对断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示,活性卵白组和活性酵母组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR在服药后第1周、第2周都极显著的高于对照组(P<0.01),并于第2周达最高值。服药后第3周活性卵白组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR均维持在较高水平,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);而活性酵母组呈现明显下降趋势,与对照组无明显差异。结果表明,活性卵白组较活性酵母组具有更加持续稳定的红细胞免疫促进功能。