以人为本与图书馆的服务工作人性化

以人为本的思想是做好图书馆工作的新理念,实施人性化服务是实现以人为本管理理念的必然要求,只有坚持以人为本的理念才能在真正意上实现图书馆的社会价值。     

福建省长汀县水土流失区马尾松种群对干旱的响应与恢复

[目的] 探究福建省长汀县水土流失区先锋树种马尾松对干旱的响应与后续恢复,为该区植被恢复与重建工作提供科学支持。[方法] 选择在长汀县河田镇的严重退化地,建立30 m×30 m的种群监测样方,测量样方内所有马尾松个体基径、树高和繁殖情况。借助存活生长函数与繁殖函数计算2016—2020年的马尾松各生命率变化情况,并结合标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)计算的同期年度SPEI指数进行分析讨论。[结果] ①长汀县水土流失区发生年度干旱时,马尾松各生命率响应明显。个体生长量减少,存活率下降,此时繁殖径级提前,小径级马尾松繁殖概率增加,马尾松为维持种群存在对策调整; ②长汀县水土流失区进入恢复期后,小个体生长量增加,存活率逐渐增加,繁殖概率先增加后减少。大径级个体各生命率均逐渐回升,恢复速度相对较快,但所有个体均未恢复至干旱发生前状态。[结论] 严重退化地马尾松种群对干旱的响应程度较高,各个生命率(存活、生长和繁殖)变化较快,但种群的恢复能力较差。     

National Park stewardship and ‘vital signs’ monitoring: a case study from Channel Islands National Park,California

• 1. Place‐based conservation strategies require that stewards know and understand the targeted ecosystems, restore impaired resources, protect the ecosystems, and connect people wholeheartedly to the places. Knowledge of ecosystem structure and functioning is the cornerstone of stewardship.
• 2. This paper describes the design, implementation, and application of an ecological monitoring programme in Channel Islands National Park, California, USA. Experience from this programme showed that monitoring ecological ‘vital signs’ was a quick, sure, and inexpensive way to discover and track ecosystem dynamics.
• 3. Monitoring ecological ‘vital signs’ determined status and trends of ecosystem integrity and established limits of normal variation of key ecosystem features. It also provided early warnings of situations that required intervention and helped frame research questions to determine chains of cause and consequence.
• 4. The strong influence and probabilistic nature of biological interactions in ecosystems precluded effective use of deterministic modelling to predict ecosystem behaviour accurately. Therefore, ongoing monitoring was required to increase knowledge of system dynamics reliably. The US National Park Service has begun to identify and monitor the ecological ‘vital signs’ in 32 networks of 270 parks.

Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物有机菌肥对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

要：本文通过生物有机菌肥与化肥两种肥料对水稻生育、产量、品质和营养元素含量进行了比较研究。结果表明,施用施倍得生物有机菌肥可以减少氮肥量176.7㎏/hm2（256.83%）,并能获得与化学肥料相同的增产比率,同时还缩短水稻生育期2~11d,降低植株高度6~8cm,增强抗倒伏能力,保证安全成熟,并能提高水稻饱满千粒重、混合千粒重和成熟率。施用生物菌肥还能提高糙米率、精米率、整精米率、长/宽比和胶稠度,降低垩白率、垩白度,改善稻米食味。生物有机菌肥还能提高籽粒中铁、钙和镁的含量,降低铜含量,改善稻米的营养成分,提高人体所需元素的含量。     

模拟酸雨对土壤生物活性的影响

模拟 pH2、3、4、5、6的雨水,以1、5、10年的积累雨量淋洗3种紫色土。淋洗后的土壤 pH 值对微生物有抑制或刺激作用,其影响较雨水 pH 值更明显。4种土壤酶活性与淋洗后的土壤 pH 值的相关程度亦较与雨水 pH 值为高。雨量积累的影响较 pH 梯度的影响微弱。意味着酸雨对陆生生态系统的危害,首先通过土壤的酸化这一环节。     

Two faces to the greenery on housing estates–mitigating climate but aggravating allergy. A Warsaw case study

Interest in the climate and an awareness of the beneficial cooling influence exerted on it by biologically-vital areas is growing, as climate change progresses, hot weather is more frequent as well as the urban heat island more intense. It is necessary to protect existing greenery in the cities and to introduce new planting. However plants in a warmer climate can produce larger amounts of pollen and are more readily able to initiate an allergic reaction among those prone to them. That means—not every greenery is advantageous for humans in the cities. In the research two housing estates built at different times and differ in type, density and age of buildings, as well as in the composition and the percentage of biologically vital area and the species planted were examined. Detailed inventory of tall greenery entailed the trees and shrubs and next their assumed allergenic potential was made. Cooling effect likely is derived from the difference in greenery, but the other factors such as differences in the density of buildings and spatial organization of the estate could also influence it. The older estate with the ratio of biologically vital areas of 54.3% is characterised by more favourable local climate than the newer estate, with the ratio of biologically vital areas equals 40.7% and young vegetation. On the newer one the perceptible thermal conditions did not differ significantly compared with the city centre. Unfortunately, on Koło Estate trees creating mild thermal conditions are also the trees promoting allergies most severely: birches, poplars and limes. And they are planted usually around playgrounds and kindergarten. The trees of high allergenicity should be partially removed, even risking small worsening thermal conditions.     

美的消逝——论《胎记》中埃尔梅对罗斯金美的法则的背离

霍桑的《胎记》是一部因过度崇拜与迷恋科学引发的人性悲剧,作为同时期的一名艺术批评家,罗斯金非常关注人本身与社会中存在的问题,并借助艺术尤其是美学视角表达对这些问题的不满,从而构建了独特的理论以指引人们寻求自身与社会的至善至美。本文旨在从罗斯金的美学视角即典型美和活力美来进一步分析霍桑的短篇小说《胎记》。     

谷朊粉对冷冻面团的流变学性质及发酵能力的影响

探讨了添加不同比例的谷朊粉,对冷冻面团流变学特性及发酵能力的影响。结果表明,添加谷朊粉可以优化冷冻面团的流变学特性,改善冷冻面团的质量,谷朊粉添加量为2％时,冷冻面团的质量最优。谷朊粉还提高了冷冻面团的产气力,改善了冷冻面团的发酵能力,谷朊粉添加量为1％时,冷冻面团的发酵能力最高。     

桑叶成熟度对洞庭原蚕生命力及F_1卵质的影响

为了解不同成熟度桑叶对洞庭原蚕生命力及其F_1卵质的影响,从4龄起至5龄见熟分别用适熟叶、嫩叶和老叶对洞庭原蚕进行饲养试验.结果表明,叶质对洞庭原蚕幼虫的生长发育情况、虫蛹生命力和F_1卵质等都有较大的影响.4～5龄期小蚕发生率、蚕期发病率和蔟中死蚕率老叶区分别是对照适熟叶区的1.85倍、2.08倍和1.81倍;4龄结茧率和4龄健蛹率老叶区分别较对照适熟叶区偏低2.91百分点和6.33百分点;老叶对F_1卵质的影响较小,单蛾产卵量和良卵数与对照适熟叶区差异不显著,但不受精卵率和死卵率高于对照,分别是适熟叶区的1.40倍和1.84倍.嫩叶对洞庭原蚕幼虫生长发育的影响较小,但对产卵量和卵质的影响较大,单蛾产卵量和良卵数显著低于对照,不受精卵率和死卵率分别是对照适熟叶区的2.83倍和2.46倍.洞庭原蚕以适龄适熟桑叶饲养成绩最好.     

芥菜种子活力测定法探讨

】用玻板直立发芽法测得的芥菜种子发芽指数，用ＰＥＧ高渗发芽法测得的发芽率，用热浸法测得的发芽势和发芽率与田间出苗率呈极显著正相关。玻板直立发芽法测得的活力指数与田间出苗率呈显著正相关，种子浸提液导电率与田间出苗率呈显著负相关，并建立了相应的直线回归方程