Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding,susceptibility to enteric pathogens,and TLR mediated immune responses

In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.     

Analysis of the association among three viruses infecting hop in Australia

Associations among Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were assessed in five hop cultivars at four commercial hop-growing regions in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. The presence or absence of each virus was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Spatial patterns of virus-infected plants were characterized using the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs ( sadie ) system of pattern analysis. The association among viruses (occurrence and covariation) was assessed using the Jaccard similarity index, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and sadie . The spatial pattern of plants infected by HpLV and HpMV ranged from random to highly aggregated depending upon the cultivar infected and the mean disease incidence. The spatial pattern of plants infected by ApMV was aggregated in six of the seven plots where ApMV was present. A strong positive association between HpLV and HpMV was found in all cultivars at all locations. This association may be the result of the viruses sharing a common aphid vector species, the presence of one virus enhancing the ability of the aphid vector to acquire the other virus either through transencapsidation or influences on virus titre, or mixed infections within source plants. Significant associations, positive or negative, were found less frequently between HpLV and ApMV, and HpMV and ApMV.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒检测方法研究进展

引起牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease,BVD-MD)的病原为牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV),牛感染后会出现与其他腹泻病相似的症状,仅通过临床表现和病理观察很难做出准确鉴别;其次持续感染(PI)牛是该病主...     

三峡库区水环境评价

三峡库区水环境的质量直接影响到当地甚至整个长江流域的水环境质量。通过对库区水环境基本情况的分析,对库区水环境作出评价、探明问题所在,并提出了解决途径和改进建议。     

Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from mummichog, stickleback, striped bass and brown trout in eastern Canada

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from mortalities occurring in populations of mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus, brown trout, Salmo trutta, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. The isolated viral strains produced a cytopathic effect on the epithelioma papillosum cyprini cell line. Serum neutralization indicated the virus was VHSV and sequencing identified the rhabdovirus isolates as the North American strain of VHSV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates are closely related and form a distinguishable subgroup of North American type VHSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of VHSV in mummichog and striped bass.     

Freshwater mussel assemblage structure in a regulated river in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Basin,USA

• 1. This paper documents a diverse, reproducing freshwater mussel community (20 species) in Lower Lake — an impounded, regulated portion of the Little Tallahatchie River below Sardis Dam in Panola Co., Mississippi, USA.
• 2. Despite being regulated and impounded, the lake has a heterogeneous array of habitats that differ markedly in mussel community attributes. Four distinct habitat types were identified based on current velocity and substrate characteristics, representing a gradient from habitats having lotic characteristics to lentic habitats. All four habitat types supported mussels, but habitats most resembling unimpounded, lotic situations (relatively higher current velocity and coarser substrate) had the highest mussel abundance and species density (10.1 mussels m^?2, 1.8 species m^?2, respectively). Lentic habitats (no flow, fine substrate) were characterized by lower abundance and species density (2.0 mussels m^?2, 0.8 species m^?2, respectively), but supported mussel assemblages distinctive from lotic habitats.
• 3. Evidence of strong recent recruitment was observed for most species in the lake and was observed in all four habitat types.
• 4. Although impounded and regulated, Lower Lake represents one of the few areas of stable large‐stream habitat in the region. The presence of a diverse, healthy mussel community in this highly modified habitat suggests that a large component of the regional mussel fauna is relatively resilient and adaptable and is limited primarily by the absence of stable river reaches. Management actions that increase stream stability are likely to result in expansion of the mussel fauna and restoration of a valuable component of ecosystem function in this region.

Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绵枣儿用于三峡库区植被重建及组织培养快繁研究

绵枣儿的淹水试验及组织培养结果表明:绵枣儿的成活率高、长势较好,适于库区植被重建;假鳞茎诱导愈伤组织较快,最佳培养基为6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L;不定芽分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L。     

密云水库上游流域氮流失规律研究

以1212.69km^2的密云水库上游流域为研究对象,研究了氮素在大尺度范围内的流失规律。结果表明,雨季中、雨季后氮的流失量明显高于雨季前,分别为雨季前的2.9倍、2.36倍;位于下游的监测点氮的浓度偏高;随着雨季的到来旅游景点、果园径流中氮的浓度会明显增加;各项污染物的季节变异系数较大的点,位于农业活动比较剧烈和径流季节变异较大的区域,而在水库或塘坝污染物的季节变异较小。不同水文期,河流水体中氮素的主要形态不同,各监测点雨季前、雨季后以溶解态氮为主,雨季中溶解态氮所占比例有所下降,在部分河道以颗粒态为主。雨季前径流中氮的流失以NO3^--N为主,约占总氮的65%,随着雨季的来临所占比例有所下降。     

灌区田间灌溉蓄水工程的规模优选

针对灌区缺乏调蓄的实际情况,提出了一个优选田间灌溉蓄水工程规模的模型。模型同时考虑灌区来水与用水的随机性,以旬为分析时段单元,生成泉源来水和灌溉需水的人工长系列,基于蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法,模拟计算了不同规模的蓄水工程在设计运行期内对灌溉区农业的增产效益,以净效益最大为标准优选田间蓄水池规模,结果表明,对于单位灌溉面积最优的蓄水工程规模为2100 m³,相应的灌溉可靠度提高到95.0%。