南方鲶肌肉,鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解和游离氨基酸研究

本试验测定了南方鲶肌内和鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量，并对其营养价值进行了比较，评价。     

国产克洛素隆尿药排泄数据分析

应用Kromasil-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),WatersTM480型可调波长紫外检测器,0.01M磷酸钾(pH=7):乙腈(3:1)为流动相,检测波长265 nm,含量测定采用标准曲线法,建立了RP-HPLC法检测绵羊尿中克洛素隆含量的方法.方法有效性评价结果表明,尿药含量在0.01～5.0μg/ml及5.0～30.0μg/ml范围呈良好线形关系(r=0.9993、0.9995),方法平均回收率99.32%,日内、日间变异系数分别为3.91%、6.28%.尿药最低检测限0.005μg/ml.试验绵羊以7 mg/kg单剂量经静脉、肌肉及口服三种途径给药后,尿中药物浓度分析表明,克洛素隆经体内处理后主要经肾脏排泄,给药96 h内,静注经尿排泄原药为81.76%,肌注为64.03%,口服为48.50%.     

Effects of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor velagliflozin,a new drug with therapeutic potential to treat diabetes in cats

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are used in the treatment of human diabetics. They increase glucose excretion and correct hyperglycemia. We examined the investigational SGLT2 inhibitor velagliflozin in two groups of six neutered adult obese cats (equal gender distribution). Placebo (Pl) or drug (D; 1 mg/kg) was administered for 35 days. Routine blood examinations, fructosamine, beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucagon, adiponectin, and leptin were measured before and after treatment, also water intake, and urinary electrolytes, glucose, and volume. Indirect calorimetry, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; 0.8 g/kg) and insulin tolerance test (IVITT) were conducted. All cats tolerated treatment well. Significant changes with D included a decrease in the respiratory exchange ratio, an increase in cholesterol, a small increase in albumin, and a rise in BHB and NEFA. Glucose clearance was unaltered, although less insulin was secreted during the IVGTT (p = .056) suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. IVITT was unchanged. Treatment did not affect glucagon, leptin, or adiponectin. Water intake, urine output, urinary glucose excretion, and the glucose/creatinine ratio but not urinary electrolytes were significantly higher post‐D. We conclude that velagliflozin is a promising drug, which increases urinary glucose excretion in cats and could thereby be beneficial for the treatment of hyperglycemia.     

黄鳝排尿器官的解剖学研究

应用铸型技术等方法研究了黄鳝排尿器官的解剖学结构。结果见到,黄鳝2条中肾管在中肾末端与所谓退化性腺（亦即膀胱）相连,并与该“退化性腺”之间存在着明显的通道关系,而“退化性腺”直接通于尿孔。此外,组织学的研究也支持了解剖学结果,并证实中肾管在“退化性腺”中存在着2种开口类型;单口型和双口型。研究结果为作者先前提出的有关黄鳝“退化性腺”是膀胱的结论提供了直接的形态学证据。     

简易膀胱容量压力测定技术的正交试验研究及在神经源膀胱管理中的效果观察

目的 观察简易膀胱容量压力测定技术在神经源性膀胱管理中的应用效果。方法 将40例神经源性膀胱患者随机分为对照组和试验组各20例,对照组常规依据患者膀胱残余尿量定间歇导尿时间和频次,试验组通过优化的简易膀胱测容量压力测定确定患者膀胱安全容量,依据膀胱安全容量及残余尿量确定间歇导尿时间和频次。观察两组患者的初次排尿时间、结束间歇导尿时间、膀胱容量、残余尿量及泌尿系感染情况。结果 试验组患者初次排尿时间和结束间歇导尿时间都早于对照组(P＜0.01);膀胱容量更接近正常成人,残余尿量小于对照组(P＜0.01);试验组患者尿路感染率明显低于对照组,有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 神经源性膀胱患者依据优化的膀胱容量压力测定技术确定膀胱安全容量结合残余尿量进行间歇导尿更安全、有效。     

日粮阴阳离子水平对围产期奶水牛泌乳性能的影响

本试验研究了日粮阴阳离子(DCAD)水平对围产期的泌乳水牛采食量、尿液pH值、泌乳初期泌乳性能的影响。选择32头2胎以上、品种、上期泌乳量、健康体况相似的处于围产期的泌乳水牛,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂DCAD水平为+139.89、+54.22、-29.11和-110.21mmoL/kg的4种日粮进行试验,试验期为产前21 d开始至产后30 d。结果表明:随着日粮DCAD水平的降低,各组间试验水牛干物质采食量无显著差异,尿液pH值随之显著降低。各组产奶量无显著差异,但可提高水牛产后泌乳量2.50%～4.86%,极显著降低水牛乳体细胞数(P<0.01);乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率均有显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳水牛日粮适宜DCAD水平为-110.21 mmoL/kg左右。     

Estimation of daily urinary potassium excretion using urinary creatinine as an index substance in prepartum dairy cows

In the present study, the daily excretion of potassium (K) in urine (urinary K(UK)) was estimated from a 6 h urine sample using urinary creatinine (UC) as the index substance. All urine was collected from six pregnant Holstein cows at 6 h intervals for 24 h on 3 days of the 4th, 2nd and final week before the expected date of parturition. In total, 72 6 h urine samples were obtained. Daily UC excretion (mg/day per kg bodyweight (BW)) was almost the same for the three sampling days. Daily UC excretion varied among cows from 22.1 to 24.3 mg/day per kg BW with a mean of 22.8 mg/day per kg BW with no significant difference. Thus, daily UC excretion was confirmed to be constant throughout the prepartum period with no differences among individuals. The concentration ratios of K to creatinine ((UK mg/dL)/(UC mg/dL) (UK/UC)) correlated strongly to the hourly K excretions (mg/h per kg BW) (r = 0.952, P < 0.01) in the 6 h urine samples. The differences in the UK/UC ratio between sampling periods were not significant within each cow. Therefore, daily UK excretion (mg/day) can be estimated using the equation: daily UK excretion (mg/day) = daily UC excretion (mg/day per kg BW) × BW (kg) × 6 h urine sample UK/UC, where daily UC excretion can be a given value.     

Silica Urolithiasis in the Dromedary Camel in a Subtropical Climate

In 1998, two cases of silica urolithiasis occurred in castrated male dromedaries on an intensive camel farm in the Canary Islands. The immediate attributable cause was the ingestion of large amounts of silica in the feed, estimated as 84.44 g/day. An associated cause was the low level of salt in the diet. Daily ingestion of salt from feed and water was estimated to be 21.8 g (8.6 g of sodium). Seventy-six castrated males from the same farm were divided into four groups: group A received 30 g of salt daily; group B received 40 g; group C received 60 g; and group D received no added salt in the diet (control). The animals were maintained on these dietary regimes for 2 years. No animals from groups A, B or C suffered overt urinary retention. One animal from group D had an obstructive urinary retention 10 months after the study commenced. Thus, 52 g of salt daily appears to be sufficient to prevent urinary retention in dromedaries raised in a subtropical climate.