饲粮蛋白质源对断奶仔猪小肠全基因组转录谱的影响

为探讨饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪小肠发育的分子机制,本试验利用猪全基因组表达谱芯片分析不同蛋白质源饲粮下断奶仔猪（断奶 ０、３、７和 １４ｄ）小肠转录谱,２４头仔公猪随机分为 ２个处理,处理 １采用乳源蛋白质 ３０％替代饲粮总蛋白质,处理 ２采用全植物蛋白质源饲粮。结果表明：１）处理 １获得 ３７０个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采用序列试验聚类分析,共获得２６个表达模式,其中有 ３个显著表达模式,模式 ５和 １１显著性水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。处理 ２获得 ２６３个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,序列试验聚类分析得到 ２６个表达模式,其中模式 ３和 ２２显著水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２）基因共表达网络构建和分析一定程度上揭示了不同蛋白质源饲粮对肠道发育的分子调控机制,以及两者之间的差异。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。总之,本试验筛选出了一些在不同饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪肠道发育和功能过程中可能具有深入研究意义的候选基因。     

万向节安装误差引起的拖拉机传动系横向激励

采用齐次坐标变换矩阵分析由于安装误差引起输入轴和输出轴不相交的万向节运动；定性和定量地给出了这一误差引起的横向激励的频率和数量；用计算机分析了这一激励与各因素的关系；并进行了试验验证。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.     

转基因植物非预期效应检测评价技术的发展

检测和评价转基因植物非预期效应是转基因植物安全评价不可或缺的重要内容之一。介绍了转基因植物非预期效应的定义、成因及其检测评价技术的发展,指出了转基因植物非预期效应检测评价技术的难点和存在的问题。阐述了基因芯片分析技术在检测和评价转基因植物非预期效应中的应用前景,特别介绍了转基因植物在不同发育阶段和生长条件下差异表达基因的分布模型,并提出了利用基因芯片分析技术,从差异基因到代谢途径,再到非预期效应的转基因植物安全评价模式。这一评价模式可为今后创建高效、全面、客观、公正的转基因植物非预期效应检测和评价技术提供可能的实验模型和理论依据。     

Effect of Citrate Concentration on the Extraction Efficiency of Selected Micronutrients from Soil

This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of citrate concentration on the extraction efficiency of some micronutrients from soil. Composite surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from Eastern Harage Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa and Humbo Districts) and Dire Dawa Administrative Council in purposive sampling. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. A greenhouse pot experiment with soybean plant was conducted to determine the correlation between soil test methods and the selected micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the leaves of the plant. The results showed that, among the different citrate concentrations with strontium chloride (SrCl₂) tested for the determination of available Fe, Mn and Zn, the highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.82, p < 0.05), (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) were found between the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) method and 0.02 M strontium chloride (SrCl₂)-0.025 M citric acid extractant, respectively. Therefore, 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractant is considered to be the most effective for the determination of Fe, Mn and Zn in soils of the studied areas. Similarly, high correlation coefficients (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) were found between DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.05 M citric acid and (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) between DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractants for the determination of available Cu from soils. Hence, the 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.05 M citric acid extractant was shown to be the best for the determination of Cu in soils of the studied areas. However, considering the use of universal extractant, the 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractant could easily be adopted as a procedure for the determination of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn for both agricultural and environmental purposes. The greenhouse experiment confirmed the result.     

多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线

发动机万有特性可直观的反映发动机在其运行范围内的各项性能参数的变化情况。该文利用多项式插值法绘制发动机万有特性曲线。推导了三次多项式插值公式和三次多项式插值余项，绘制了发动机万有特性曲线。结果表明三次多项式插值法能精确地反映发动机特性，并可用该方法绘制发动机等油耗、等排放等特性曲线。为绘制发动机特性曲线、研究发动机性能提供较好的方法。     

基于USLE模型的长株潭城市群生态绿心区水土流失研究

[目的]研究2018年长株潭(长沙市—株州市—湘潭市)城市群生态绿心区最佳植被覆盖和水土流失状况,为区域综合治理提供理论依据。[方法]运用GIS和RS技术,以长株潭区域降雨、土壤、地形、土地利用等数据为基础,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)模型和USLE国际通用土壤流失方程为优选模型。[结果]长株潭绿心区总面积为52 287 hm~2,整体植被状况较好,高覆盖度(75%～100%)面积最大,占绿心区总面积一半以上,为26 598.40 hm~2;中低覆盖度(30%～40%)面积最小,占区域总面积的8.61%,为4 501.91 hm~2。长株潭城市群生态绿心区总侵蚀(不含微度)面积为3 654.24 hm~2,占总面积的6.99%。湘潭市侵蚀比重最高,为8.51%,长沙市次之,为6.67%,株洲市侵蚀总比例最小,为5.68%。工程建设用地在禁止开发区、限制开发区和控制建设区的侵蚀面积分别为963.92,310.74,735.11 hm~2。[结论]受人为因素、城市建设、产业分布等影响,长株潭城市群生态绿心区覆盖度空间呈现西部低,中东部高的格局,工程建设是造成绿心区土壤侵蚀的主要原因。     

密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算研究

采用Johnes输出系数法以及SCS径流曲线和通用土壤流失方程估算法,对密云土门西沟小流域非点源污染负荷进行估算。结果表明,土门西沟小流域内附着态污染负荷的输出量是溶解态污染物输出量的3倍多,而附着态污染物输出量的大小主要由土壤侵蚀量决定,因此,控制流域内非点源污染的关键是加强该区的水土保持防治工作。Johnes输出系数法可用于观测资料比较缺乏的流域,而SCS径流曲线和通用土壤流失方程估算法除了可以估算总氮、总磷的含量外,还能分别估算出溶解态氮、磷和附着态氮、磷的量,使得防治非点源污染的措施可以更加有针对性。     

连杆式机动水稻插秧机万向联轴系统的运动分析

以 2 ZT-935 型水稻插秧机为例,对不等角速双万向联轴器的输入轴 1与输出轴 3的运动关系进行了深入研究,比较精确地推导出轴1、3与中间轴2的夹角θ_1、θ_3(见图1)随转弯角度β变化的关系式,绘制了轴3的角速度ω_3、角加速度α_3的变化规律曲线图。为分析插秧系统的运动学、动力学问题和插秧质量提供了依据。     

Gene expression in pyriproxyfen-resistant Bemisia tabaci Q biotype

Pyriproxyfen is a biorational insecticide that acts as a juvenile hormone (JH) analogue and disrupts insect development with an unknown molecular mode of action. Pyriproxyfen is one of the major insecticides used to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and comply with integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, resulting in minimal effects on the environment, humans and beneficial organisms. During the last few years, resistance to pyriproxyfen has been observed in several locations in Israel, sometimes reaching a thousandfold or more. No information exists about the molecular basis underlying this resistance that may lead to understanding the mode of action of pyriproxyfen and developing molecular markers for rapid monitoring of resistance outbreaks. In this communication, a cDNA microarray from B. tabaci was used to monitor changes in gene expression in a resistant B. tabaci population. Based on statistical analysis, 111 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified that were differentially upregulated in the resistant strain after pyriproxyfen treatment. Many of the upregulated ESTs observed in the present study belong to families usually associated with resistance and xenobiotic detoxification such as mitochondrial genes, P450s and oxidative stress, genes associated with protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and others related to JH-associated processes in insects such as oocyte and egg development.