快速ELISA诊断猪旋毛虫病的研究

在快速间接ELISA中将被检血清样品和酶结合物一起保温。既简化了操作步骤,又比常规ELISA缩短了30～90分钟。通过对猪旋毛虫病阴阳性血清检测,表明该方法敏感性为93.62％,特异性为96.88％。为猪旋毛虫病捉供了一种快速诊断方法。     

旋毛虫肌幼虫排泄—分泌抗原诊断猪旋毛虫病的研究与应用

应用“ES”抗原和酶复合物对猪旋毛虫病进行了ELISA的诊断研究,其抗原是对Gamble(1984)的肌幼虫培养方法经过改进研制而成的.应用这种抗原和免疫制剂建立起来的酶联免疫吸附试验诊断方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简便、容易判断等优点,改变了我国过去应用粗制虫体抗原诊断猪旋毛虫病的状况.通过对71头人工感染旋毛虫病猪血清的诊断,可获得100%的阳性检出率.对旋毛虫病流行区120万头猪的检测证明,患猪检出率达93—95%.对250头ELISA阳性猪与宰后检查对照,其诊断符合率为98%左右.     

丙硫咪唑缓释注射液对小鼠旋毛虫病的效果

试验采用１２０只小鼠，每只感染１１６条脱囊幼虫。用于治疗的９６只１１、鼠分为４×４组，分别按旋毛虫的４个不同发育阶段分别１次肌肉注射３０，５０，７５和１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）丙硫咪唑缓释注射剂，结果肠内脱囊期幼虫减少均为１００％；肠内成虫减少率分别为７９％，９０．３％，９４．３％和９９．２％；移行期幼虫减少率分别为８７．２２％，８９．９４％，９３．１６％和９５．２４％；成囊期幼虫减少率分别为９０．５％，９４．４８％，１００％和９４．１８％。各治疗组与对照组比较均有极显著差异。试验结果表明，按３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）～１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）剂量给小鼠１次肌肉注射丙硫咪唑缓释注射剂，对各发育阶段的旋毛虫均有显著的杀虫效果。使用该制剂具有用药量小，疗效高，给药次数少，使用安全等优点。     

Zoonoses and potential zoonoses of bears

Captive and free‐ranging wild bears can carry and transmit several zoonotic pathogens. A review of nearly 90 years of scientific publications concerning confirmed and potential zoonotic diseases that can be present in any of the eight species of bears in the world was conducted. The findings were organized amongst the following disease sections: bacterial, viral, protozoal, mycotic, helminth and arthropod‐borne. The most commonly reported pathogens of concern were of parasitic (Trichinella, Toxoplasma) and bacterial (Francisella, Brucella) origin.     

Myofibre changes and capsule formation in mice infected with different strains of Trichinella

Mice were infected with 4 strains of Trichinella with the purpose of describing muscle changes (M. Gastrocnemius, diaphragma) by light and electron microscopy, paying particular attention to capsule formation in a polar bear isolate (T. no. 13). No differences in myofibre changes or capsule formation were observed between the different strains by light microscopy at 21 and 60 days post infection. Ultrastructural studies of meat samples 60 day post infection with T. no. 13 revealed active capsule formation in muscle fibres, characterized by protrusions and invaginations of the sarcolemma. Basal lamina-like material was located close to the sarcolemma and in a lattice-like pattern in the capsule matrix. T. no. 13 seems to have a migratory pattern similar to the other strains examined and induces muscle fibre changes undiscernible from those of the 3 other strains. Infected muscle cells are considered to be involved in capsule formation.     

猪旋毛虫病疫苗的研制及免疫试验

以肠旋毛虫和新生幼虫研制的混合性旋毛虫病油佐剂疫苗，对１１８头不同体重猪进行了免疫试验。其中肌肉注射免疫猪１０８头，间隔２０～２５ｄ，免疫２次；腹腔注射免疫猪１０头，间隔９ｄ，免疫３次。免疫后经过一定时间，给每头免疫猪人工攻击活旋毛虫５００条，攻虫后经过１．５～８个月分批次剖检免疫猪，采取咬肌、肋间肌、膈肌、腰肌、后腿肌５个部位的肉样镜检。结果，有７头试验猪共检出已经死亡的旋毛虫９条，其余１１１头免疫猪均未检出旋毛虫，免疫保护率达９４％；疫苗免疫期半年左右；剖检证实，疫苗吸收良好，在注射部位仅见米粒大黄白色疫苗残留物；免疫猪未发现不良反应，安全性好。     

应用玻板血凝法诊断人、猪旋毛虫病的试验研究

本文首次将玻板血凝试验用于检测人、猪旋毛虫抗体。实践证明:应用玻板血凝诊断人、猪旋毛虫病具有操作简便、反应灵敏、快速准确等特点。     

Seroprevalence of Trichinella infection in domestic swine based on the National Animal Health Monitoring System's 1990 and 1995 swine surveys

Swine sera collected by the US Department of Agriculture's Center for Animal Health Monitoring during 1990 and 1995 was tested for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis using an enzyme immunoassay. From a total of 3048 sera collected from lactating sows in 1990, five sera tested positive for a prevalence of 0.16%. From a total of 7987 sera collected from both finishing pigs and gestating sows in 1995, one serum was positive for a prevalence of 0.013%. Responses to questionnaires administered at the time of serum collection showed that seropositive farms had management variables consistent with known risk factors for exposure to trichinae.     

免疫微球凝集试验技术及其对猪旋毛虫病的快速诊断研究

本研究以旋毛虫可溶性抗原作诊断抗原,聚苯乙烯微球为抗原载体,通过碳化二亚胺反应把旋毛虫抗原共价偶联到聚苯乙烯载体微球上,制备了用于检测猪旋毛虫病血清抗体的免疫微球诊断试剂.从平板凝聚试验技术对117份实验感染旋毛虫病的猪、兔、大白鼠的血清抗体和疫区猪血清抗体进行了检测.试验结果,免疫微球凝集试验对实验感染旋毛虫病动物血清抗体检测的敏感性和特异性均为100%.在检测的敏感性上,免疫微球凝集试验比人工消化检查法高9.17%,比压片镜检法高25.26%.在阳性符合率上,与压片镜检相比为100%,与人工消化检查相比为97.25%.试验结果表明,免疫微球凝集试验技术对猪旋毛虫病是一简便、快速和可靠的诊断方法.