ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF DIFFUSE HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS IN DAIRY CATTLE

Ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 200 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle using a 3.5 MHz transducer with a linear array electronic scanner. Liver samples were taken, processed and examined microscopically and the fat occupying rate was calculated. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated according to the presence of bright pattern, dark pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges. Of the 200 animals, 96 had a normal liver, 63 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, 37 had fatty infiltration of the liver, 3 had liver dystrophy and I had hepatic amyloidosis, diagnosed through histopathological examination. Amyloidosis was characterized by bright pattern and blurring of edges. Liver dystrophy had higher percentages of bright pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Hydropic degeneration had higher percentages of dark pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Fatty infiltration had higher percentages of bright pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges than normal liver. The present results suggest that different ultrasonographic patterns can be observed in various diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle     

Lymphoma as a model for chronic illness: effects on adrenocortical function testing

Many dogs with chronic illness have serum biochemical abnormalities consistent with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Lymphoma (LSA) is a chronic disease of dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adrenocortical screening test results in dogs with LSA to evaluate their specificity. Criteria for inclusion in the study included a diagnosis of LSA, an expected survival time of 16-56 weeks, no glucocorticoid treatment beyond 4 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy, no evidence of HAC, and owner consent. Post-ACTH stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations (PACs), urine cortisol : creatinine (UC : Cr) ratios, and maximal left adrenal width measurements were performed at the time of LSA diagnosis before the initiation of chemotherapy and at 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 weeks or until the loss of remission or the development of another disease. Ten dogs met the criteria for inclusion. Forty-two PACs were performed; 1 abnormal, 2 borderline, and 39 normal values were detected. Thirty-five maximal left adrenal width measurements were obtained; 0 abnormal, 5 borderline, and 30 normal measurements were detected. Thirty-six UC : Cr ratios were obtained, with 26 abnormal, 4 borderline, and 6 normal values detected and 9 of 10 dogs having at least 1 abnormal value. These data suggest that in dogs with LSA, the UC : Cr ratio frequently is abnormal and may not be a specific test for HAC, or it may be the most sensitive test for increases in cortisol secretion due to chronic illness. Maximal left adrenal width measurements and PACs were almost always normal and may be more specific for HAC or less sensitive for demonstrating chronic increases in cortisol secretion.     

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 3. In vivo ultrasonographic assessment of the cross-sectional area and echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon

AIM: To determine if the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of young Thoroughbred horses changed in size and echogenicity in association with early race training.

METHODS: Cross-sectional area (CSA) and echogenicity were determined ultrasonographically at five levels of the SDFT of the forelimbs of 2-year-old fillies (n=14), corresponding to 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone (DACB). Measurements were made before and after a 13-week period in which a trained group of seven horses was compared with another group of seven untrained horses.

RESULTS: Level below the accessory carpal bone had a significant effect on CSA and Level 8 was smaller than all other levels except Level 12, while Level 12 was smaller than Levels 4 and 20 but not different from Levels 8 and 16. There was a significant interaction between level and time due to effects observed at Level 8. The CSA at Level 8 measured pre-training was different from that of Levels 4 and 20 in both pre- and post-training groups (p<0.05), but when measured post-training was not different from any other measurement. There was also a significant interaction between treatment group and time. There was no difference between CSA for the untrained and trained groups at the pre-training observation (p=0.9), but post-training the CSA (pooled over all levels) in trained horses was significantly larger than that of the untrained horses both post-training (p=0.019) and pre-training (p=0.034), and was not different from the pretraining CSA recorded in the trained group (p=0.29). Treatment group had no effect on echogenicity (p=0.43), while echogenicity was less at the end of the trial in both trained and untrained horses (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Early training for racing was associated with an increase in mean CSA of the SDFT. Other factors such as age and maturity may play a role in limiting this increase.     

檀香紫檀和染料紫檀快速微损鉴别方法

采用气质联用(GC-MS)技术鉴别檀香紫檀和染料紫檀2种木材,檀香紫檀心材木屑分别在不同处理条件下通过超声提取,分析GC-MS图谱.结果表明最佳条件为:以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,超声波功率160 W,超声提取时间10 min.通过不同陈放时间和不同样本试验结果的相关性分析,验证了结果的可靠性.在此优化的试验条件下,通过对檀香紫檀和染料紫檀的GC-MS图谱的分析与比较,实现对这2种木材快速微损鉴别.     

不同方法对酵母细胞膜通透性的影响

通过测定超声处理前后发酵液中核酸、蛋白质及1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)浓度的变化,研究了功率超声及有机溶剂对酵母细胞膜通透性的影响．结果表明随着超声作用时间的增加,功率为600、500、400W的处理都使胞内核酸、蛋白质及FDP的渗出浓度逐渐提高,其中,600W超声的作用最为明显．超声处理后,细胞的存活率都逐渐减小,即细胞的破碎程度增大．其中,随着超声作用时间的延长,600W的超声使细胞存活率下降最快．500W超声次之,400W超声使细胞的存活率下降最慢．有机溶剂中,甲苯和氯仿对胞内物质的渗出率影响非常大．但甲苯和氯仿对细胞的损伤非常严重．乙醚对细胞的存活率影响不大．     

NaOH与超声联合预处理玉米秸秆实验条件优化研究

试验选用超声与NaOH法对玉米秸秆进行联合预处理,通过分析预处理后秸秆还原糖含量、组分变化量、厌氧发酵产气量等参数,对预处理的条件进行优化.试验结果表明:3％ NaOH浓度,浸泡时间为48 h,超声功率为80 W,超声温度为50℃的预处理条件下,还原糖含量较高,为0.0947 g·g-1.联合试验组产气量比单一超声处理...     

超声波辅助温和碱/氧化法进行小麦秸秆预处理的方法

在用小麦秸秆生产生物乙醇的过程中,选择合适的秸秆预处理方法是提高原料利用率的关键。本研究采用超声波辅助温和碱/氧化法对小麦秸秆进行预处理,通过单因素试验和响应曲面法探讨NaOH浓度、超声功率、超声时间和初始水浴温度对小麦秸秆处理效果的影响,建立并分析了各因子与处理后木质素相对含量关系的数学模型,优化得到的处理条件为:NaOH浓度1.54%、超声功率1 160 W、超声时间50 min、初始水浴温度78.94℃。在最优处理条件下,处理后秸秆中木质素相对含量下降了54.16%。     

超高压和超声波预处理对蒜片热风干燥过程及品质的影响

为缩短蒜片热风干燥时间,提高干制蒜片品质,将超高压与超声波技术应用到蒜片干燥前处理,并利用低场核磁共振技术(Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,LF-NMR)分析预处理对蒜片干燥过程中内部不同状态水分迁移的影响.结果表明:干燥前超声或超高压预处理有利于加快干燥过程,超声、超高压和超...     

超声技术在食品杀菌及废水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了超声的定义和超声杀菌的机理。综述了近些年来超声在食品杀菌及废水处理领域的研究进展,重点阐述超声与其他技术结合使用的杀菌效果,并提出了超声在这些领域中的研究发展方向。