Essential Factors and Sustainable Development of Green Agriculture

This paper discussed the definition and essential factors of green agriculture, including green ecological environment, green material energy input, application and the popularization of green agricultural technology, the green behavior of worker, green policy regulations guarantee, fund support, supply and the production of green agriculture products, as well as the concept of green agriculture, structural mechanism and function. And finally existing problems in present green agriculture and five suggestions of green agricultural sustainable develonment were proposed.     

浅谈我省地方畜禽品种资源保护及开发利用

近年来，我省先后从国内外引进了20多个鸡种，10多个牛种、羊种和猪种等，因其高效而占领了我省市场。同时存在着盲目引种，品种多乱、杂等问题。伴随着少数高产畜禽品种的普及推广，使各地固有的许多品种资源迅速减少或消失。因此，针对陕西畜禽品种资源的现状问题，并结合近年来畜牧业生产中的实际状况，特就如何搞好地方畜禽品种资源的保护及开发利用提出建议与对策。     

A novel approach to studying the effects of temperature on soil biogeochemistry using a thermal gradient bar

The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH₄ at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q₁₀ = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH₄ emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.     

重迎茬亚麻生长发育障碍机制的研究

重迎茬亚麻减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果,亚麻重迎茬可使病害加重是最主要因素,重茬年限越久发病越严重;重迎茬造成了土壤营养元素的单一消耗,随着重迎茬年限的增加,土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量降低。     

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究赵兰勇，梁玉堂（山东农业大学林学院泰安２７１０１８）王九龄（北京林业大学北京１０００８３）关键词稀土，刺槐，光合速率，叶绿素含量，水分利用效率，矿质元素含量近年来，稀土元素在农业上的应用研究越来越受到人们的重视，并且已...     

城市慢行空间美景度评价 ——以贵阳市小车河沿河河谷慢行空间为例

以贵阳市小车河沿河河谷慢行空间为研究对象,通过实地调查选取能够较好地反映慢行空间景观特征与景观效果的20处景观样点作为评价对象,运用基于心理物理模式的美景度评价法计算景观样点的美景度值,再通过景观要素分解量化得到景观要素评值,运用回归分析建立慢行空间美景度评价模型,进而对慢行空间美景度进行评价.结果表明,形态优美、具有...     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...     

东北春玉米全生育期气候适宜度评价

适宜的气候要素是保障东北春玉米健康生长和高产稳产的基本条件。依据温、光、水气候要素对春玉米生长的影响,分别构建温度、日照和降水适宜度模型,引入有效降水提高模型精度,再基于有效降水和实际降水将三种气候要素耦合建立综合气候适宜度模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ,并利用1994—2013年有效气象、物候数据和2003—2010年像元尺度大田玉米生长状况时序遥感监测信息对海伦和泰来两个典型东北农业台站进行模型测试检验,将最适用模型应用于东北三省玉米典型种植区以估算2008与2009年25个站点不同生育期各气候要素适宜度。检验结果表明,“基于有效降水的模型Ⅰ”所估算的全生育期综合气候适宜度与NDVI、EVI的相关系数(0.58、0.29)均优于“基于实际降水的模型Ⅱ”(0.52、0.18),融合有效降水信息的模型Ⅰ更能有效捕获气候要素对春玉米生长胁迫现象。应用结果显示,模型Ⅰ估算的2008和2009年东北春玉米全生育期综合气候适宜度分别为0.67和0.56,与该地区2008年春玉米实际产量高于2009年表现一致;两年间东北三省春玉米各气候要素适宜度总体表现为温度>日照>有效降水;辽宁与吉林的温度、有效...     

中国南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石微结构及生长特性

为了解鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成特征,根据2017年3—5月我国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海南沙群岛海域采集的1 002尾鸢乌贼样本,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析了17枚鸢乌贼耳石微量元素的组成及分布。结果显示,南沙群岛海域鸢乌贼耳石主要由56种微量元素组成,含量最多的前10种元素依次为Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba和B。方差分析结果显示,不同性别间,前10种元素Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba、B的分布均无显著差异;不同孵化期的群体间Ca、Sr、Na、P、Si、K、Mg、Fe、Ba、B的分布也不存在显著差异,但不同耳石部位间Si、K、Fe无显著差异,而Ca、Sr、Na、P、Mg、Ba、B则存在显著差异。研究表明,不同的生境会导致鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成的不同,且在不同的生长阶段,鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成也存在差异,但不同性别鸢乌贼耳石微量元素组成基本一致。本研究进一步证实了利用微量元素分布特性鉴定头足类种群和研究洄游路线的可行性。     

小粒牧草种子丸粒化包衣数值模拟与试验

针对小粒牧草种子丸粒化包衣时包衣质量不高、丸化合格率较低等问题,该研究采用理论方法,分析种粉颗粒在包衣锅内的运动过程、受力情况,构建种粉颗粒与包衣锅相互作用力学模型,获取影响种子包衣质量的主要因素。利用EDEM软件模拟包衣设备中不同结构参数下物料混合情况,探究结构参数对种粉混合效果的影响,以粉料的变异系数为评价指标,以包衣机甩盘直径、包衣机边缘倾角和包衣机转速为影响因素开展优化试验,得到最优参数组合为包衣机甩盘直径309.9 mm、包衣机边缘倾角61.9°和包衣机转速10.1 r/s。利用搭建的物理试验平台进行种子丸粒化包衣验证试验,结构参数优化后的包衣锅物理试验平均丸化合格率得到提升。进一步优化种子丸粒化包衣质量,探究粘结过程中粉料、药液对丸粒化包衣的影响。对丸粒化包衣机进行工艺参数正交试验,得到最佳工艺参数组合为单次供粉量为10 g、单次供液量为15 mL和包衣时长为7 min。在最优工作结构参数与工艺参数组合下,种子丸粒化包衣试验质量较高,研究结果可为其他不规则种子包衣提供参考。