Identification,characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus(HaEV). Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 3' UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly(A) tail. An open reading frame(ORF) that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids(aa) polyprotein with three domains: RdRP, Hel and UGT(UDP-glycosyltransferase). HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.     

异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制初步研究

对异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制进行了初步研究。测定了其对线虫虫体形态、运动行为、体内总糖和蛋白质含量的影响,以及处理前后线虫体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性变化。结果表明:经异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理后的松材线虫虫体形态严重扭曲,运动形态出现由正常的S形变化为多节弯曲和螺旋状卷曲等异常状况,线虫行动随时间的推移变得迟缓,最终呈C形、新月形或直接死亡。随着异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理质量浓度的增大,线虫体内总糖和蛋白质含量显著上升,糖和蛋白质的代谢发生紊乱;线虫体内CAT、AChE和GST活性显著降低,且均低于对照组,表明线虫体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡;细胞受到极大的影响,神经系统遭到破坏,解毒能力明显降低。研究结果可为研究利用异硫氰酸丙烯酯作为植物源杀线虫剂提供依据。     

用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类的总含量

根据鱼藤中异黄酮类化合物在紫外光２１０～２４５ｎｍ及２９０～３０５ｎｍ处具有吸收峰这一特性，提出了用紫外分光法测定鱼藤中异黄酮类总含量的方法．在３００ｎｍ波长处，浓度低于６×２．６１８×１０－３／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时，测定了标准系列的吸光值，结果表明吸光值与浓度近乎直线相关，相关系数为０．９９７７；标准系列吸光值准确性高；加样回收率达９９％以上；测定样品时，重现性好．     

T7 RNA多聚酶基因的克隆、序列测定及其在E.coli中的表达

从BL21(DE3)E．coli菌株中以PCR的方法扩增得到了与T7RNA多聚酶(T7RNApolymerase，T7pol)基因大小一致的DNA片断。将PCR产物纯化后直接克隆到pGEM—T载体中，经酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析表明克隆得到了正确的T7pol基因。将T7pol基因亚克隆入pET-28b( )中，构建得到原核表达质粒pET28T7。该质粒的BL21(DE3)pLysS转化菌在IPTG的诱导下可表达约98800的蛋白，这与T7pol的相对分子质量一致。将该质粒转化DH5α、JMl09、HBl01、BL21(DE3)和BL21(DE3)pLysS等5种不同的宿主菌，仅有转化T7pol酶活性受到抑制的宿主菌BL21(DE3)pLysS才能得到转化子，而其余4种T7T7pol酶活性不受抑制的E．coli宿主菌不能得到转化子。pET28T7原核表达质粒这种仅能在T7pol酶活性受到抑制的宿主菌中才能存活的现象说明本试验所克隆的T7pol基因能正确表达出具有RNA转录酶活性的蛋白。     

全乳固体微波滤纸快速测定方法的研究

将微波加热干燥技术和滤纸水分蒸发强化技术应用于全乳固体的快速测定．比较了该方法与GB5409-85减重法的差异和对乳中热敏物质乳糖稳定性的影响及测定结果的差异。经t检验得出了两种方法对乳糖的含量变化的差异不显著，全乳固体含量的测定结果相同，将测定时间由240min缩短至37min，可以满足生产对全乳固体快速测定的时间要求。     

The RNA interference

The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) is highly conserved mechanism in the organism evolution. As a immune system, RNAi is a ubiquitous mechanism against invading microorganism in plant and animal cells. Recently, it has been found that RNAi is the process by which double-strand RNA(dsRNA) directs sequence-specific degradation of messenger RNA and the mediations of sequence specific messenger RNA degradation are 21-and 23-nucleotide small interfering RNAs that generate by ribonuclease from endogenous longer dsRNA or by transfectious technics from heterologous dsRNA. Over the past few years, the way in which cells respond to dsRNA by silencing homologous genes has revealed a new regulating paradigm in biology.     

不同类型日粮饲喂幼龄山羊的效果研究

在精料用量相同、定量采食的条件下,研究不同粗料配合、不同加工方法对幼龄波尔羊生产性能的影响,并分析其经济效益。结果表明:粗料为35%稻秆粉、15%砻糠的 号全混合颗粒料在本次试验中的效果最为突出。与粗料为青草的日粮1相比,试羊日增重、饲料转化率分别提高48.4%(P<0.05)和27.9%,且每千克增重饲料费用降低41.5%;与粗料为稻秸散料的日粮2相比,试羊日增重、饲料转化率分别提高了53.3%(P<0.05)和26.9%,且每千克增重饲料费用降低30.9%。经济效益明显。     

新疆森工技术进步贡献份额的测算

新疆森工企业是新疆林业的重要组成部分。森工技术进步率是全面考核林业综合水平的重要指标之一。本文根据新疆森工统计资料，首次采用增长速度方程、综合要素生产率指数、总因子生产率指数三种模型测算了新疆森工技术进步贡献份额（１９８１年到１９８６年）。结果表明，新疆森工年均技术进步率在０．５％～０．５２２％之间，技术进步对森工总产值增长的贡献份额在３４％～３６％之间。