2-硝基-1-芳乙烯类化合物的设计合成及其对稻瘟病菌的抑制活性

为了筛选得到对稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea具有较高抑菌活性的新型化合物,根据稻瘟病菌中1,3,8-三羟基萘酚还原酶（3HNR）的结构信息,设计合成了系列2-硝基-1-芳乙烯（2a~2e）和2-溴-2-硝基-1-芳乙烯（3a,3b）目标化合物,并测试了其对3HNR和稻瘟病菌的抑制活性,同时运用分子对接方法对目标化合物与3HNR可能的结合模式进行了分析。结果表明:大部分目标化合物对3HNR都有很好的抑制作用（IC503的抑制活性最好,IC50值为0.53 μmol/L。在50 μg/mL下,目标化合物对稻瘟病菌的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中2e、3a和3b的抑制率高于96%;3a和3b的EC50值分别为16.4和11.6 μg/mL。分子对接方法分析结果表明,硝基苯乙烯骨架结构与稻瘟病菌的3HNR活性空腔的氨基酸残基有较好的相互作用,其中化合物3中的溴原子可与3HNR中Tyr223和Tyr178的羟基形成氢键,从而解释了化合物3对3HNR有较好抑制作用的原因。     

亚硝酸还原酶高产菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

通过紫外线对巨大芽孢杆菌MPF-906进行了诱变处理,提高了产酶能力,变异株Z85酶活达到28.76 U/mL。进一步对其发酵条件进行研究,优化了培养基和培养条件。优化的培养基为：葡萄糖1.5%,牛肉膏0.2%,硫酸铵0.1%,K₂HPO₄ 0.135%,KH₂PO₄ 0.07%,NaCl 0.1%;无机盐溶液10 mL/L（即MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.04%、MnSO₄·H₂O 0.001%、CaCl₂·2H₂O 0.002%）。发酵条件为：摇床转速160 rpm,接种量4%,初始pH 6.5,30 ℃发酵20 h。在此最优化条件下,亚硝酸还原酶的酶活达到45.94 U/mL。     

维生素A调节动物一氧化氮的生成及其相关机制

动物机体由于旺盛的新陈代谢或在受到外界有害因素刺激的情况下会产生大量一氧化氮(NO),进而损伤细胞中的蛋白质、类脂膜和DNA,引发细胞炎症并阻断细胞信号通路,使机体产生氧化应激。维生素A可以有效地调控NO的生成,提高机体抗氧化水平并清除自由基,预防细胞炎症及氧化应激的发生。本文主要综述了维生素A对动物NO生成的调节作用及其相关机理的研究进展,对今后深入研究其调节机理、科学补充维生素A及提高机体的抗氧化功能具有一定参考价值。     

HMGCR基因多态性与肉牛屠宰性状相关性分析

MHGCR是胆固醇生物合成过程中的限速酶,在内源胆固醇生物合成过程中起着重要的作用。研究以牛HMGCR基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和测序技术在利杂牛、利西杂牛、秦川牛、西杂牛和夏西杂牛五个群体共123个个体中检测遗传变异情况。结果表明,检测到AA和AB共2种基因型,没有发现BB基因型,测序分析发现一处SNP多态位点(GenBank:BC153262.1 11137TC)。不同基因型与屠宰性状的相关性分析显示,在利西杂群体中AA基因型个体与AB基因型个体相比,AA基因型个体的屠宰率和牛柳指标达到了极显著水平(P0.01),而AA基因型的上脑重显著高于AB基因型(P0.05),其余各项指标基因型间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,HMGCR基因单核苷酸多态性对利西杂牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响屠宰性状的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。     

红素氧还蛋白研究进展

自然界中大多数的红素氧还蛋白(rubredoxin)集中来自严格厌氧菌,包括细菌、古菌和少数微需氧细菌,而植物中该类蛋白相对较少,它的功能主要表现在作为辅因子或电子供体参与多个生化途径。也有研究显示,无论是植物中还是微生物中的红素氧还蛋白基因在协助生物抵御氧化胁迫方面均发挥着重要的作用。本文全面介绍自然界中的红素氧还蛋白基因的分布、结构以及在微生物、植物中所发挥的作用等,希望能为今后的进一步研究提供参考。     

氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响

对不同氮素营养水平下的小麦后移栽棉叶片硝酸还原酶活性、棉株含氮量及叶片氨基酸含量等进行了测定。结果表明，除８月１９日外，叶片硝酸还原酶活性与施氮量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６９３～０．９８８１）；地上部各器官的含氮率和绝对含氮量均随施氮量的增加而提高，且不同器官间呈同步增减的趋势，因而氮素分配比例的变化不大；提高氮素营养水平可显著增加小麦后移栽棉的叶片氨基酸总量和游离氨的含量（ｒ＝０．５３１６和０．５６０５），在１７种氨基酸中，谷氨酸、脯氨酸等７种氨基酸的含量与施氮量呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．５２５６～０．６０７４）。虽然施氮量越高，棉株的氮素代谢越旺盛，但小麦后移栽棉的适宜施氮量约为２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

Temporal shifts in diversity and quantity of nirS and nirK in a rice paddy field soil

Denitrification is an important part of the nitrogen cycle in the environment, and diverse bacteria, archaea, and fungi are known to have denitrifying ability. Rice paddy field soils have been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the microbes responsible for denitrification in rice paddy field soils are not well known. Present study analyzed the diversity and quantity of the nitrite reductase genes (nirS and nirK) in a rice paddy field soil, sampled four times in one rice-growing season. Clone library analyses suggested that the denitrifier community composition varied over sampling time. Although many clones were distantly related to the known NirS or NirK, some clones were related to the NirS from Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales bacteria, and some were related to the NirK from Rhizobiales bacteria. These denitrifiers may play an important role in denitrification in the rice paddy field soil. The quantitative PCR results showed that nirK was more abundant than nirS in all soil samples, but the nirK/nirS ratio decreased after water logging. These results suggest that both diversity and quantity changed over time in the rice paddy field soil, in response to the soil condition.     

菠菜硝态氮累积和还原与植株生长的关系

通过盆栽试验,以两个硝态氮含量差异显著的菠菜品种为供试材料,在不同生长时期,测定了叶柄、叶片干重、水分含量、硝态氮含量及叶片内源和外源硝酸还原酶活性,研究菠菜硝态氮累积和硝酸还原酶活性的动态变化及其与植株生长变化的关系。结果表明,随生长期后移,叶柄、叶片及地上部干重和水分含量先增加而后降低,硝态氮含量则持续降低,低硝态氮累积品种S9的下降更为明显,出苗后52d和62d地上部分别降低了100%和89.7%;叶片内源和外源酶活性则随植株生长量增加而增加,高硝态氮累积品种S4增加（379%和199%）更明显,之后该品种酶活性随植株生长量降低而显著下降,品种S9却显著增加,分别为121%和288%。生长前期,品种S4硝态氮含量、干重增长速率及内源、外源酶活性均显著高于品种S9,内源/外源酶活性比值却明显低于后者;生长后期,除外源酶活性和内源/外源酶活性比值外,品种间差异均不明显。因此,生长前期高累积品种硝态氮含量降低较少,主要原因可能是其内源/外源酶活性比值（70.7%）较低,生长后期该品种的内源/外源酶活性比值（98.2%）显著增加后,硝态氮含量迅速下降进一步证明了这一推测。综合上述结果可知,内源/外源酶活性比值更能揭示植株生长变化引起的品种间硝态氮含量变化差异。     

Effect of salinity on nitrogen metabolism in wheat

Objectives of our studies were to quantify effects of salinity on growth and nitrogen metabolism of wheat and to measure variation in response of different cultivars, hybrids, and classes. Methods and criteria for identifying resistance to salinity in wheat, particularly effects on nitrogen metabolism also were tested. Variation in response to salinity was measured by subjecting seedlings of six wheats to one control treatment (‐0.1 bars) and two stress treatments (‐3.5 and ‐10.4 bars) from NaCl, MgSO₄, and MgCl₂ in hydroponic solutions. Both stress treatments retarded growth; wheats significantly varied at ‐3.5 bars but not at ‐10.4 bars. Stress decreased root and shoot nitrate N and total N contents. Studies with one wheat cultivar showed that salinity decreased activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and stimulated accumulation of proline. Salinity more adversely affected vegetative stages than reproductive stages of plants grown to maturity. We concluded that salinity affected wheat by both osmotic effects and antagonism of nitrate metabolism from chloride. Absolute growth and relative growth at different stress levels were superior to differences in nitrogen metabolism as selection criteria for salinity tolerance.     

木糖还原酶基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

木糖还原酶是木糖醇生物合成的关键酶,催化木糖合成木糖醇。以实验室筛选并经分子生物学鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母的木糖还原酶基因为基础,以酵母表达载体pPICZαA成功构建了含有木糖还原酶的重组表达载体pPICZαA-xyl,为进一步研究真核表达木糖还原酶和木糖醇的生产奠定基础。