电脉冲刺激肾旁穴对兔丘脑雌激素受体蛋白表达的影响

采用电脉冲刺激穴位法及免疫组织化学SP法，研究了电脉冲刺激肾旁穴对丘脑内雌激素受体免疫反应阳性产物的影响。结果发现雌激素受体免疫反应阳性产物在丘脑内广泛分布，可见电针组丘脑室旁核、丘脑腹外侧核、丘脑腹内侧核、丘脑腹主核、丘脑中央中核、丘脑网状核、丘脑室周核等核区有大量阳性产物，且多分布于神经元的胞浆、胞核和突起中、有少部分分布于胞膜上，染色较深，突起明显，细胞形态多样，轮廓清晰；而对照组相应神经核团中阳性细胞数量较少且淡染，突起也不明显，形态单一或轮廓不清。两组阳性产物的染色强度和细胞数目均差异显著。以上结果表明电脉冲刺激肾旁穴可使家兔上述核团内雌激素受体的表达增强。     

大鼠丘脑氨基酸类神经递质与塞拉嗪麻醉相关性

将32只Wistar大鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组、麻醉组、恢复I组、恢复Ⅱ组。采用反向高效液相色谱法测定丘脑Glu、Asp、GABA和Gly的含量。结果显示,腹腔注射塞拉嗪40mg／kg后,麻醉组大鼠丘脑内GABA和Gly含量与对照组比较显著升高（P〈0．01）,Glu和Asp含量显著降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;恢复I组丘脑Glu和Asp的含量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;恢复Ⅱ组丘脑内GABA和Gly的含量与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）,Glu和Asp的含量恢复显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明,塞拉嗪作用下引起丘脑内GABA、Gly、Glu和Asp含量的变化可能与塞拉嗪引起麻醉作用机制相关。     

Effects of Shenpang acupoint-stimulation on estrogen receptor immunoreactive neurons in thalamus of rabbits

To investigate the effects of Shenpang acupoint-stimulation in reproductive endocrinology, the changes in estrogen receptor immunoreactive (ER-IR) neurons after Shenpang acupoint-stimulation were studied by using immunohistochemistry. ER-IR positive reactions were detected in most nuclei of the thalamus. In the acupuncture-treated group, a great number of ER-IR positive neurons with clear dendrites existed in the nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventrolateral nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, ventroprincipal nucleus, centromedian nucleus, reticular nucleus, and periventricular nucleus of thalamus, and they were mainly located in the cytoplasm, nucleus and neutrite, and some also existed in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, a few neurons existed in the above-mentioned nuclei in the control group, but they were slightly stained. It is concluded that Shenpang acupoint-stimulation can promote the expression of estrogen receptors in the above nuclei. Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2006, 37(1): 71–75 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

急性缺氧对小鼠丘脑肥大细胞的影响

应用组织化学方法对对照组、缺氧组以及雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠脑内肥大细胞(Mast Cell,MC)的数量、活性、分布范围及组化性质进行研究.结果表明:肥大细胞主要分布于小鼠丘脑,随急性缺氧时间的延长,缺氧组和雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠丘脑内肥大细胞和脱颗粒数量急剧增多,均极显著高于同期对照组(P<0.01),且缺氧组在急性缺氧8 h和恢复正常9 h再缺氧3 h时,肥大细胞的脱颗粒现象最显著.而雌激素预处理缺氧组小鼠肥大细胞和脱颗粒数量均极显著低于同期缺氧组(P<0.01).AB-S染色显示,小鼠脑内绝大多数为黏膜肥大细胞,少数为结缔组织肥大细胞.研究结果表明:丘脑肥大细胞可能参与急性缺氧造成脑损伤的病理过程,雌激素作为肥大细胞膜的稳定剂对脑损伤起保护作用.     

REGIONAL BRAIN PERFUSION IN EPILEPTIC DOGS EVALUATED BY TECHNETIUM-99m-ETHYL CYSTEINATE DIMER SPECT

We evaluated the feasibility of interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect alterations in regional cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Twelve dogs with idiopathic epilepsy underwent interictal technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT of the brain. Different cortical regions of interest (ROIs), 1 ROI at the cerebellum and 1 ROI at the subcortical area were evaluated by semiquantitative analysis and compared with a control group (18 dogs). Significant hypoperfusion ( P =0.02) was present in the subcortical area of epileptic dogs. This hypoperfusion was not associated with seizure frequency, age at onset of seizures, duration of epilepsy, or time since the last seizure. Interictal SPECT did not reveal cortical or cerebellar perfusion alterations. The subcortical area may play an important role in the pathophysiology of canine idiopathic epilepsy.     

ChAT在1日龄锥鸡丘脑视、听觉中继核团内的分布

胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT)是ACh的合成酶，为了观察它在禽脑内的分布，试验选取1日龄雏鸡5天，采用免疫组化SP法研究了ChAT在鸡丘脑视、听觉中继核团内的分。结果表明，在1日龄雏鸡丘脑中，ChAT阳性神经元广泛分布于圆核、卵圆核及亚圆核中，且密度较高、染色较深；外侧膝状体核中既有阳性神经元，又有阳性纤维分布。这表明1日龄雏鸡丘脑中继核团胆碱能神经系统的发育已趋于完善。     

Variable Effects of Nitrous Oxide at Multiple Levels of the Central Nervous System in Goats

The direct and indirect effects of nitrous oxide (N₂O) on the nociceptive responses of lumbar dorsal horn neurons, and the indirect effects on midbrain reticular formation (MRF) neurons and thalamic neurons were determined in goats anaesthetized with isoflurane. The technique used enabled the differential delivery of N₂O to either the torso or the cerebral circulation, thus allowing assessment of the direct spinal and indirect brain effects of N₂O. Systemic delivery of N₂O appeared to have divergent effects, facilitating (4/11) or depressing (7/11) the responses of dorsal horn neurons. Such divergent effects were also observed when N₂O was differentially delivered to the circulation in the torso (i.e. the spinal cord). Likewise, MRF and thalamic responses to noxious stimulation were variably affected by administration of N₂O to the torso, with some cells facilitated (7/13 MRF neurons, 3/8 thalamic neurons) and others depressed (6/13 MRF neurons, 5/8 thalamic neurons). It appears that N₂O has variable effects on the caprine CNS. The facilitatory action of N₂O might partially explain why it is a relatively weak anaesthetic.     

经胼胝体穹窿间入路显露丘脑内侧区域的显微解剖学研究

目的研究经胼胝体穹窿间入路显露丘脑内侧区域的显微解剖,为临床应用提供依据。方法采用10具4%甲醛液固定、颅内动静脉乳胶灌注的成人尸头标本,模拟该入路。取自右额部发际内马蹄形切口,直径约5 cm的骨窗,逐步显露至丘脑内侧区域,显微镜下观察所显露的解剖结构。结果纵行切开胼胝体15 mm,在室间孔后上方分离透明隔间隙、穹窿体中间缝,沿两侧大脑内静脉之间可以显露丘脑内侧区。结论经胼胝体穹窿间入路经透明隔间隙进入,对周围结构损伤小,入路直接、安全,是显露丘脑内侧区域的较好入路。     

GAP—43免疫反应神经纤维在出壳前后鸡丘脑内的分布及发育过程中的变化

用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对出壳前１７，２０胚龄和出壳后５，１０，１５日龄鸡丘脑内生长相关蛋白免疫反应神经纤维及 末分布及发育状况进行了观察。结果显示：ＧＡＰ－４３在１７胚龄鸡丘脑内的分布范围较局限，仅在圆核，卵圆核，圆核与卵圆核间区，纹状体被盖束和纹状体小脑束中观察到ＧＡＰ－４３阳性神经纤维及母天，以后随丘脑的发育，其发布范围逐渐扩大；     

Hemihyperaesthesia and hyperresponsiveness resembling central pain syndrome in a dog with a forebrain oligodendroglioma

A 4-year-old male Boxer was presented with neurological signs referable to a right forebrain lesion that was confirmed with computed tomography. Whilst characteristic signs of a unilateral forebrain lesion were observed, the dominant and striking finding was a right-sided hemisensory disturbance characterised by hyperaesthesia and hyperresponsiveness. Necropsy revealed a gelatinous mass confined to the right forebrain that was identified histologically as an oligodendroglioma. The lesion was centred on the internal capsule and involved ventral frontal and temporal lobes and the ventrolateral thalamus, including lateral and medial parts of the ventrocaudal nuclear region (ventrobasilar complex) of the thalamus. On clinical and neuroanatomical grounds, the case exhibited features in common with central pain syndrome in human patients with thalamic lesions. These included a somatosensory disorder of hyperaesthesia affecting an entire side of the head and body, behavioural manifestations consistent with spontaneous pain and a lesion involving the ventrobasilar complex. Of interest, the hemisensory abnormality was ipsilateral to the lesion, contrasting with central pain in humans, in which clinical signs are contralateral to analogous lesions. It is suggested that species-specific differences in spinal cord organisation of pain pathways, particularly the greater bilateral projection of nociceptive afferents to thalamic relay nuclei in carnivores, may account for this disparity. Notably, central pain is rare in human patients with brain tumours, even those affecting the thalamus, and this may also be the case in dogs.