合生素对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

为探讨合生素在肉仔鸡生产中的最适添加量及其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,本文采用0.05%和0.10%两个比例添加合生素,其余3组为益生素组、抗生素组和对照组。对6000只AA公雏鸡进行为期7周的试验。结果表明:合生素组(0.05%和0.10%)的平均日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率都优于益生素组和抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);平均采食量(0￣3、4￣6、6￣7周龄)和平均日增重(0￣3、6￣7周龄)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加0.05%的合生素组与0.10%的合生素组对肉仔鸡生产性能有相同的效果(P>0.05)。说明由益生素与植物提取物组成的合生素可以替代抗生素和益生素在肉仔鸡生产中应用,其最适的添加量为0.05%。     

苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态的影响

为观察苦豆籽粕-两歧双歧杆菌-唾液乳杆菌合生元对早期断奶仔猪不同时期小肠黏膜绒毛长度、隐窝深度和绒腺比的影响,试验选用60头（21±2）日龄体质量相近的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加0．5％,1．0％,2．0％的合生元,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期4周。结果表明,合生元组可显著提高仔猪小肠绒毛的高度,其中2．0％舍生元组效果较好;对小肠黏膜隐窝深度方面的差异不显著;饲喂合生元可以提高小肠黏膜绒腺比,其中以0．5％合生元组和2．0％合生元组效果明显。在本试验饲养方式下,苦豆籽粕一两歧双歧杆菌一唾液乳杆菌合生元可以改善肠道黏膜形态结构,尤以2．0％剂量组效果较好,适宜于生产实践。     

合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响

为探讨合生素对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数的影响,选取1日龄肉仔鸡280只进行试验,按体重随机分成7个组(每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加合生素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及其添加水平0.2%和0.3%,试验期42 d。结果表明,合生素的添加显著降低了(P<0.05)肉仔鸡的脾脏和法氏囊免疫器官指数,也使胸腺免疫器官指数呈下降的趋势,但肉仔鸡的生长、健康状况均处于良好的发展状态。结果提示合生素能增强肉仔鸡免疫与抗应激能力。     

合生素对肉用鹌鹑免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

摘 要：本试验旨在研究日粮中添加合生素对肉用鹌鹑免疫功能和对肠道菌群的影响。将120只1日龄法国莎维麦脱肉鹌鹑随机分为对照组和合生素组,每组60只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,合生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%合生素试验期35天。结果表明,合生素显著提高肉用鹌鹑明显提高了免疫器官指数、ND抗体水平和E-玫瑰花环的转化率,且28～35日龄差异显著（P<0.05）;明显的降低了空肠大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（P<0.05）,提高了乳酸杆菌的数量（P<0.05）。     

微生态制剂在乳制品中的应用研究进展

微生态制剂具有调整人体肠道微生态平衡、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等多种功能,是生产功能型乳制品的重要元素.微生态制剂在乳制品中的应用对丰富乳制品功能、引导健康饮食、促进乳业发展等都具有十分重要的意义,研究和开发益生菌、益生元和合生元乳制品将成为乳制品发展的主导方向.本文介绍了微生态制剂在乳制品中的应用情况,重点阐述了微生态制剂应用于乳制品中的关键技术.     

合生素替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态与免疫性能及结肠微生态的影响

本试验旨在研究合生素替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、空肠黏膜免疫因子含量和结肠内容物微生物组成的影响。选取72头21日龄的健康杜×长×大三元杂阉公猪,按体重分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。抗生素组饲喂添加抗生素的饲粮,试验组分别添加500(0.05%)、1 000 mg/kg(0.10%)的合生素替代抗生素。试验期为28 d,分为2个阶段(第1～14天和第15～28天)。结果表明:1)各组间不同阶段的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)和腹泻频率均没有显著差异(P>0.05),但0.05%合生素组第1～14天的平均日增重与抗生素组相比有提高的趋势(P=0.07)。2) 0.05%、0.10%合生素组空肠绒毛高度显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3) 0.05%、0.10%合生素组空肠黏膜中白细胞介素-4 (IL-4)的含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05);空肠黏膜中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与抗生素组相比,0.05%合生素组结肠内容物中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05),0.10%合生素组结肠内容物中双歧杆菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);结肠内容物中总细菌和大肠杆菌的数量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加合生素替代抗生素不会降低断奶仔猪的生长性能,还可控制腹泻,提高空肠绒毛高度和免疫性能,维持肠道微生态平衡,其适宜添加量为0.05%。     

合生素对肉仔鸡肠道微生物区系的影响

 【目的】研究合生素对肉仔鸡盲肠微生物区系的影响。【方法】选择1日龄肉仔鸡450只,随机分成5个日粮处理,分别为基础日粮、基础日粮+抗生素、基础日粮+益生素、基础日粮+益生元、基础日粮+合生素。每个处理3个重复,每个重复30只。在21和42日龄,每个重复选择4只屠宰,无菌采集盲肠内容物,提取细菌基因组总DNA,PCR扩增16s rDNA,用DGGE方法分析盲肠细菌群落结构的变化,用实时荧光定量PCR检测肠道中总菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌数量。【结果】在21和42日龄,日粮添加合生素比单独应用益生素、益生元或抗生素提高了肉仔鸡的平均日增重和饲料转化率（P＜0.05）,肉仔鸡盲肠DGGE条带数（菌群丰富程度）均高于对照组、抗生素组、益生素组、益生元组;基因测序分析发现肉仔鸡盲肠中特异条带主要是不可培养细菌。合生素能促进盲肠总菌数、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的增殖,抑制大肠杆菌数量。【结论】合生素对肉仔鸡促生长的效用与其对盲肠菌群的调控作用有关,且合生素的效果优于益生素、益生元或抗生素。     

Effect of Synbiotic and Antibacterial Peptide on Colibacillosis and Immune Regulation in Broiler Chickens

This experiment was to study the effect of synbiotic and antibacterial peptide on growth performance,and the immune regulation of broiler chickens after the E.coli O78 attack. Totally 100 broilers of health 1-day-old Ross 308 were randomly divided into four treatment groups:Synbiotic group (group S) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic;Antibacterial peptides group (group AP) was fed with basal diet+0.5% antibacterial peptide; Antibacterial peptide+synbiotic group (group SAP) was fed with basal diet+0.3% synbiotic+0.5% antibacterial peptide;Control group (group C) was fed with basal diet,and the growth performance were determined. At the 14th day,10 chickens from each group were randomly selected for muscle injection with E.coli O78 (the attacked control group was named as model group (group M)),and after 24 h,the morbidity,mortality and immune function of chickens in each group were determined. The results showed that compared with control group,the F/G and ADF of groups S and AP were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Before E.coli O78 attack,the bursa index of group SAP was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and other groups had no significant difference (P>0.05);While after the E.coli O78 attack,the thymus,spleen and bursa indexes of groups S and AP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),the spleen and bursa indexes of group SAP were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05),and the thymus index showed no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the group M,the IgA,sIgA and IL-10 of group S showed no significant difference (P>0.05),while the IL-6 levels decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01);The IgA and IL-6 of group AP were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),meanwhile the sIgA and IL-10 were significantly or extremely significantly higher (P<0.05;P<0.01); The changed trend of SAP group was the same as the group AP.In conclusion,the synbiotic and antibacterial peptide could improve the feed conversion rate of chickens and they were used alone or combination all could improved chicken immune function after the bacteria attack.     

Application of dietary supplements (synbiotics and probiotics in combination with plant products and β‐glucans) in aquaculture

This review addresses the dietary supplements, synbiotics and probiotics in combination with plant products or yeast/β‐glucans in aquaculture. The potential applications of synbiotics have a relatively short history in aquaculture, but have generated interest because of numerous benefits reported in endothermic animals. Since the first study was published by (Aquaculture Science in 2009) the concept has been used in aquaculture to reveal effects on growth performance, gut microbiota, gut histology, immune parameters, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as increased disease resistance. However, a limited number of probiotic bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Enterococcus) and prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, short‐chain fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, arabinoxylan–oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide and inulin) have been used. Additionally, some studies have used plant products or yeast/β‐glucans in combination with probiotics, and these studies suggested that these dietary supplements promote growth performance and boost some immune parameters. The present review identifies evaluations of gut microbiota and gut morphology, and mucosal immune response as significant gaps in existing knowledge and suggests issues that merit further investigations to conclude the potential of dietary supplements in aquaculture.     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Impact of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance,microbial ecology and concomitant fermentation patterns in newly weaned piglets

The effect of inulin and a multispecies probiotic formulation on performance and microbial parameters in a 28 days feeding trial with newly weaned piglets was assessed. Forty‐eight piglets were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving two levels of inulin supplementation (0% or 0.4%) and two levels of probiotics (0 or 1 × 10⁹ CFU/kg as fed, comprising enterococci, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria). In digesta samples obtained at slaughter (stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon), selected bacterial groups were enumerated and lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations analysed. The overall performance of piglets was unaffected by treatment. Inulin increased total aerobes in stomach and jejunum (p < 0.05), whereas enterococci declined in colon of the inulin group (p < 0.05). Furthermore decreasing colonic acetic acid (p < 0.01) and increasing lactic acid (p < 0.05) was observed for inulin. Probiotics increased total aerobes (p < 0.05) and enterococci (p < 0.01) in ileum and lactobacilli (p < 0.05), enterococci and gram‐negative anaerobes (p < 0.01) in colon. Moreover, dry matter content in stomach and colon was lower and acetic acid in colon increased (p < 0.05). A decrease in ileal pH value was noted symbiotically for both additives. However, several parameters showed no synbiotic, but distinct individual effects of inulin and probiotics. Effects occurred along the entire gastrointestinal tract without restriction to the colon.