几种旱生植物碳水化合物和蛋白质变化的研究

干旱对植物的形态,解剖结构以及物质代谢都有很大影响。在同样的干旱胁迫下,抗旱能力不同的植物的物质代谢受到的影响是不同的。研究干旱对植物物质代谢的影响,对认识植物的抗旱机制,以及比较不同植物抗旱能力的强弱,选育抗旱性强的植物固沙造林都有意义。植物最基本的有机物质代谢是碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢。本文对几种旱生植物在干旱条件下体内淀粉,可溶性糖和蛋白质的变化进行了测定和研究。     

Scientific analysis of indigenous techniques for guggal （Commiphora wightii） tapping in India

Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo–gum–resin(guggul). However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to discover the scientific basis behind these techniques: selection of gum inducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae(Xac) in the gum suspension used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum oozing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The population of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people preferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determining that Xac growth was best at 30 °C. Tapping during September(mean temperature 25.7–30.0 °C) clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of indigenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people ensured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age–old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on contemporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.     

盐生肉质草本植物海马齿叶片石蜡切片简易方法

海马齿是海边盐生肉质草本植物,由于叶片的肉质化,传统石蜡切片制作路线不能制作出结构完整,效果较好的切片。本实验以传统的石蜡切片方法为基础,在固定方法选择,脱水时间控制,包埋温度,染色等方面做了适合海马齿叶片特点的改良,固定方法采用戊二醛固定液固定24h,并洗脱;脱水每级梯度时间为1h,包埋温度在100℃,染色方法采用固绿染色法。结果表明：采用这种改良的方法可以制作出染色清晰,组织结构完整的海马齿叶片切片。这对其它肉质化植物的石蜡切片制作有着借鉴作用。     

多肉植物室内盆栽观赏探讨

近几十年来,多肉植物因其本身的极强观赏性、顽强的生命力,以及互联网的发达等客观条件,从少数人的私人收藏到如今的走入寻常百姓家,普及性得到了很大的提高。本文探讨了多肉植物的概念、分类以及盆栽观赏存在的问题。将多肉植物按肉质变态部位、植株形态及《色进行分类,从其观赏性、环保性及客观条件进行分析其受热捧原因。同时,针对我国多肉植物盆栽观赏存在的问题,提出专业化规模化发展、加强科研、普及相关知识等解决方案。     

茭白肉质茎膨大期间的氧化胁迫

以＂雄茭＂为参照,研究了茭白肉质茎膨大期间的氧化胁迫状况。肉质茎膨大开始后,茎中H2O2和MDA含量快速上升,并分别在6和8d达到最大,约为膨大前的6.5倍和3.7倍,此后降至膨大初期水平。抗坏血酸（AsA）在肉质茎即将膨大前上升约30%,但膨大后快速下降处于较低水平,为0d的25%～30%。氧化型抗坏血酸比例在膨大开...     

钠复合肥提高多浆旱生植物霸王幼苗生长及抗旱性

本研究采用室内盆栽实验,探讨了一种由适量的氮、磷和钠等元素组成的钠复合肥对多浆旱生植物霸王幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下施钠复合肥后,与对照和磷酸二铵肥相比,霸王幼苗的株高增加了30%和12%、叶面积增加了97%和40%、叶相对有机干重增加了10%和7%、叶干重增加了57%和38%、叶含水量增加了347%和55%,净光合速率增加了145%和24%、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率增加了6%和4%、电子传递速率增加了16%和8%、量子产额增加了14%和5%,而叶MDA含量下降了58%和18%、相对质膜透性下降了50%和26%。另外,与对照相比,施钠复合肥后霸王幼苗水分利用效率提高了4%。这些结果说明,钠复合肥能够促进干旱胁迫下霸王幼苗的生长、提高其抗旱性,并且效果优于磷酸二铵肥。     

影响畜禽肉质、风味、生长及抗病性状重要基因的分析

作者在查阅大量国内外相关资料的基础上,结合具体的实验操作原理和规程,就影响畜禽肉质、风味、生长及抗病性状重要基因进行概括性的论述。其目的在于通过对影响家禽肉质、风味、生长及抗病等重要特色功能基因的论述和探讨,以期为家禽转基因研究、品种改良和新品种创新提供坚实的理论基础和技术支持。     

Na compound fertilizer stimulates growth and alleviates water deficit in the succulent xerophyte Nitraria tangutorum (Bobr) after breaking seed dormancy

Nitraria tangutorum (Bobr), a typical succulent xerophyte with high level of seed dormancy, is one of the few shrubs found to date that can develop and form fixed dunes in desert regions. Our studies have demonstrated that the strong drought tolerance of the succulent xerophytes was strongly linked to high sodium (Na⁺) accumulation in the photosynthesizing branches (PB) as well as leaves. The study is to explore a method that can rapidly promote the seed germination of N. tangutorum, and then investigate the positive effects of Na compound fertilizer (NaCF) on the growth and drought tolerance of N. tangutorum and ecological environment by short-term pot experiment in a greenhouse and long-term field and pot experiment in a desert environment. The results indicate that the germination rate of seeds obtained a maximum by 69% when seeds were treated with 150 mg L ^?1 gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 48 h followed by soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid (98% H₂SO₄) for 55 min, and then germinated (25/5°C) in darkness for 8 d. After breaking seed dormancy, the NaCF significantly stimulated growth of N. tangutorum and, concomitantly, improved its ability to cope with water deficit (30% of field water capacity) by increasing Na⁺ more than Potassium (K⁺) accumulation for osmotic adjustment in greenhouse and desert conditions. The contribution (take the pot experiment in the desert, for example) of Na⁺ to the osmotic potential (compared with control) varied from 13.9% in plants subjected to diammonium phosphate [(NH₄)₂HPO₄] to, surprisingly, 63.9% in plants grown in the presence of NaCF under water deficit. The distribution characteristics of the total Na⁺ (1620 mg) in the NaCF indicate that 691.2 mg (42.7%) is absorbed by plants, 848.8 mg (52.4%) remained in the pot and 80 mg (4.9%) leached, which accounted for 2.2% of the nursery soil, respectively. The positive effect of NaCF on the drought resistance of N. tangutorum and the ecological environment were also confirmed in the field experiments. These findings suggest that the rapid seed germination technology of N. tangutorum combined with the popularization and application of NaCF can shorten the seed germination period and make the seedling establishment much easier, which may be an effective strategy to restore and reconstruct degraded vegetation in many desert regions.     

多肉植物的景观应用及发展趋势

多肉植物因其形态别致、管理粗放、品种多样、易于繁殖、病虫害少和净化空气能力强等优点而越来越受到人们喜爱。介绍了多肉植物的概念、分类方法和景观应用特点,认为多肉植物是指植物营养器官的某一部分具有发达的薄壁组织用以贮藏水分和养分、在外形上显得肥厚多汁的一类植物。常见的多肉植物的分类方法有按肉质变态部位分类、按植株形态分类及按生长习性分类等3种。多肉植物的景观应用除了盆栽观赏外,还在城市绿化、屋顶绿化、垂直绿化等方面均有应用。探讨了我国多肉植物景观应用中存在的主要问题和发展趋势,其中品种单一和栽培养护不合理是限制多肉植物应用的主要问题。     

基于原生境的景观温室多肉植物区设计模式研究

通过对中国现有8座典型景观温室的考察发现,景观温室多肉植物区以美学为原理的设计存在一些问题,具体表现为景观特色不突出、景观体验不丰富等。针对这些问题,提出了遵循植物原生境的设计方法,即在设计中模仿多肉植物原生境典型的地形地貌、基质、色彩、植物等特征,据此提出景观温室多肉植物区的生境主题设计模式,旨在为后期景观温室多肉植物区的创新设计提供参考。