实验性流行性腹泻仔猪小肠粘膜上皮细胞及肠系膜淋巴结的超微结构

给8头生后3d的哺乳仔猪经口感染猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)“吉”毒株,于感染后18、30、45和96h各扑杀2头,以透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了小肠粘膜上皮细胞及肠系膜淋巴结的超微结构。结果表明,小肠上皮细胞的病变因感染时间不同而有明显差异。上皮细胞的脱落和残留上皮细胞超微结构的破坏,以感染后30h最严重,病毒在这些上皮细胞内的增殖最显著。感染后45h,见有大量新生上皮细胞修补损伤的肠绒毛。感染后96h,小肠绒毛短缩、粗大乃至发生融合。实验仔猪肠系膜淋巴结内巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞的超微结构均遭到破坏,在巨噬细胞内见有PED冠状病毒粒子。     

Cytochemical staining characteristics of lymph nodes from normal and lymphoma-affected dogs

Frozen sections and imprint smears were used to evaluate the presence and pattern of cytochemical staining reactions in the B- and T-cell regions of lymph nodes from normal dogs and dogs with lymphoma. Staining procedures evaluated included peroxidase (PER), Sudan black B (SBB), naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE), acid phosphatase (ACP), and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP). In normal lymph nodes, macrophages and some lymphocytes within the interfollicular (T-cell) region and medulla stained positive with ACP and NBE. Smaller numbers of macrophages also occurred sporadically within the germinal follicles. Cells positive for PER, SBB, and CAE were scattered infrequently throughout all regions of the normal lymph node, consistent with granulocytes and mast cells. The LAP stained cells were predominantly and prominently located within the mantle zone of secondary follicles and to a much lesser extent within the germinal centers, compatible with B-cell lymphocytes derived from follicular center cells. Of the 12 dogs with lymphoma, 7 cases (4 immunoblastic, 2 large noncleaved, 1 small noncleaved) stained diffusely positive with LAP, 4 cases (all lymphoblastic) had numerous focally positive lymphocytes using ACP and NBE, and 1 case (immunoblastic) did not stain positive with any of the cytochemical reactions. Cytochemical staining of canine lymph nodes with NBE, ACP, and LAP proved useful in distinguishing between B- or T-cell regions and detecting different cell types of canine lymphoma.     

Toll-like receptor signaling is changed in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in regulation of adaptive immune responses, and lymph nodes play key roles in the initiation of immune responses. There is a tolerance to the allogenic fetus during pregnancy, but it is unclear that expression of TLR signaling is in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy. In this study, lymph nodes were sampled from day 16 of nonpregnant ewes and days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnant ewes, and the expressions of TLR family (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9), adaptor proteins, including myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), were analyzed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that mRNA and protein levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TRAF6, and MyD88 were upregulated in the maternal lymph node, but TLR5, TLR9, and IRAK1 were downregulated during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the subcapsular sinus and lymph sinuses. Therefore, it is suggested that early pregnancy induces changes in TLR signaling in maternal lymph node, which may be involved in regulation of maternal immune responses in sheep.     

CLINICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INFLAMMATORY VERSUS NEOPLASTIC MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODE MASS LESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS

Medial retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN) mass lesions are a common cause of cranial cervical masses in dogs and cats, and are predominantly due to metastatic neoplasia, primary neoplasia, or inflammatory lymphadenitis. The purpose of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to test the hypothesis that clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics for dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions would differ for inflammatory vs. neoplastic etiologies. Dogs and cats with MRLN mass lesions that had undergone MRI and had a confirmed cytological or histopathological diagnosis were recruited from medical record archives. Clinical findings were recorded by one observer and MRI characteristics were recorded by two other observers who were unaware of clinical findings. A total of 31 patients were sampled, with 15 in the inflammatory lymphadenitis group and 16 in the neoplasia group. Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were more likely to be younger and present with lethargy (P = 0.001), pyrexia (P = 0.000), and neck pain (P = 0.006). Patients with inflammatory lymphadenitis were also more likely to have a leukocystosis (P = 0.02) and segmental neutrophilia (P = 0.001). Inflammatory masses were more likely to have moderate or marked MRI perinodal contrast enhancement (P = 0.021) and local muscle contrast enhancement (P = 0.03) whereas the neoplastic masses were more likely to have greater MRI width (P = 0.002) and height (P = 0.009). In conclusion, findings indicated that some clinical and MRI characteristics differed for dogs and cats with inflammatory vs. neoplastic medial retropharyngeal lymph node masses. Although histopathological or cytological diagnosis remains necessary for confirmation, these findings may help with the ranking of differential diagnoses of future cases.     

Sentinel lymph node mapping with computed tomography lymphography for mast cell tumours and a comparison between regional and sentinel lymph node histological status: Sixty-two cases

It is known that the regional lymph node (RLN) may not correspond to the sentinel lymph node (SLN) (the first lymph node draining the tumour), and many diagnostic techniques have recently been aimed at its detection. Although lymphoscintigraphy is the gold standard in both human and veterinary medicine for SLN mapping, it is relatively unavailable in veterinary medicine due to costs and difficult management of the radiotracer. This prospective study evaluated, as a first aim, the feasibility and sensitivity of the computed tomography lymphography (CTL) in detecting the SLN in 62 mast cell tumours (MCTs). The second aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the CTL in identifying the most representative lymph node of the patient's lymphatic status; the histological status of the SNL was compared with that of the RLN, to see in how many cases the patient's stage would have changed according to the RLN. When the RLN turned out to be also the SLN it was decided to excise, as a control LN, the one localised in the neighbourhood of the MCT (neighbouring lymph node; NLN). The detection rate was 90%, with failure of SLN identification in six cases. In 18 (32%) of 56 MCTs with a diagnostic CTL, the SLN did not correspond to the RLN. Forty-five MCTs were surgically removed, together with their corresponding SLN and RLN/NLN. Since the clinical stage of the patient would have changed in only 7% of cases, CTL is a reliable method of detecting the SLN and, for staging purposes, there is no need to remove other LNs.     

Sentinel lymph node mapping in canine mast cell tumours using a preoperative radiographic indirect lymphography: Technique description and results in 138 cases

Several sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping techniques, to detect nodal metastasis in canine tumours have been investigated in the last 10 years in veterinary oncology. The purpose of this prospective study was to describe a reliable, quick, and inexpensive technique for SLN mapping in canine patients affected by cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCT). Eighty dogs were enrolled in this study for a total of 138 cytologically diagnosed MCTs. Sentinel lymph node mapping was performed by injecting iomeprole peritumorally followed by serial radiographs at 1, 3, 6 and 9-min post injection. A total of 168 SLNs were detected, 90% at first radiograph, 1 min after the peritumoral iomeprole injection, while in the rest of the cases SLN was identified at 3 min. Sentinel lymph nodes detected by the preoperative radiographic indirect lymphography with iomeprole (PRILI) differed from regional lymph nodes in 57% of cases. The PRILI technique detected simultaneously multiple SLNs in the 26% of cases and multiple lymph centers in the 31% of MCTs. To allow the surgical identification of the SLNs, a peritumoral injection of methylene blue was performed at the time of surgery. This study reports a widely available technique for SLN mapping using digital radiographs in combination with a water-soluble medium, representing a cost-effective alternative to other SLN mapping procedures. Based on our results, this technique can be effective for SLNs mapping in dogs with MCTs but further comparative studies are needed to assess its reliability and efficacy in different tumours.     

农田土壤无线地下传感器网络节点设计与通信试验

为了揭示电磁波信号在农田土壤中的传输特性、科学部署传感器节点,以关中地区农田土壤为研究对象,采用模块化设计思想,将传感器、无线数传、处理器和能量供应等模块集于一体,设计了无线地下传感器网络（Wireless underground sensor networks,WUSN）节点和汇聚节点。采用单因素试验方法,分析了土壤含水率、WUSN节点埋深、节点间水平距离对WUSN节点信号传输的影响,建立了接收信号强度和误码率预测模型。结果表明,当WUSN节点信号在地下垂直方向上传输时,土壤含水率增加2.5个百分点,接收信号强度降低4~6dBm,通信误码率增加3~5个百分点;WUSN节点埋深增加5cm,接收信号强度降低3~5dBm,通信误码率增加3~4.5个百分点。当WUSN节点信号在地下水平方向上传输时,土壤含水率增加2.5个百分点,接收信号强度降低5~7dBm,通信误码率增加4~5个百分点;节点间水平距离在10~90cm范围内,节点间水平距离增加10cm,接收信号强度降低6~8dBm,通信误码率增加6.5~8个百分点;节点间水平距离在90~190cm范围内,节点间水平距离增加10cm,接收信号强度降低约1dBm,通信误码率增加1~1.5个百分点WUSN节点信号在垂直、水平两种传输方向上误码率和接收信号强度预测模型拟合优度R2最高为0.982,均方根误差RMSE为1.7%,拟合优度R2最低为0.942,均方根误差RMSE为5.136dBm。WUSN节点信号在土壤中传输受到土壤含水率、WUSN节点埋深和节点间水平距离的严重影响。     

酷暑对兔体温和猪瘟定型热比率的影响

选用无猪瘟抗体原料兔作试验,研究酷暑对兔体温变化及注射猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋乳浆液后产生定型热比率的影响。结果表明,当兔体周围气温达38℃时,100%的兔体温超过41℃;当环境温度达35.5℃时,100%的兔体温超过40℃。这些试验兔群表现出不同程度的中暑症状。发生中暑的试验兔群,在22℃的GMP生产动物房内饲养3 d后,每只注射含4 000个发热单位的猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋乳浆液,5个试验组所产生的定型热比率分别为47%、65%、73%、54%、63%;而饲养于17~25℃舒适气温中的无猪瘟抗体兔群,转移到22℃的GMP生产动物房,注射相同病毒量后,产生定型热比率为98%、96%。上述结果表明在猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋疫苗生产中,GMP生产动物房必须给兔子提供最舒适的室温,原料兔在生产后期和运输过程中也应避免中暑。但中暑过的试验兔,若能产生定型热,其脾淋毒价仍符合制造活疫苗的要求。     

奈的离体繁殖

以木柰的带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体繁殖技术研究．结果表明,外植体材料从快停止生长的嫩梢切取为佳,并以在１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１升汞中消毒１５ｍｉｎ为宜;在附加０．２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＩＡＡ、１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上进行初代培养,启动腋芽萌发;在含ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１、ＢＡ０．５１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的１／２ＭＳ培养基上进行继代增殖,可形成丛生芽,并且增殖倍数达４．０以上;增殖后的芽苗在含ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１、ＩＢＡ１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的１／２ＭＳ培养基上长根成苗．以泥炭土和石至石（１∶１）为介质,试管苗移苗成活率为９０．１％．试管苗种植田间５ａ后,已正常开花结果．     

毛叶枣成年树茎段培养与离体繁殖研究

以毛叶枣优良品种“高朗 1号”成年树的茎段为外植体 ,研究了毛叶枣的离体繁殖技术。结果表明 :在附加NAA 0 .1mg/L、BA 2 .0mg/L或另加KT 0 .5mg/L的MS培养基上可诱导腋芽高频率萌发 ;试管芽苗在分别附加NAA 0 .1mg/L与BA 1mg/L、IAA 1～ 2mg/L与BA 1mg/L的MS增殖培养基上 ,增殖系数均达 5以上 ,并且芽苗长势旺盛 ;采用瓶外生根技术 ,无根试管苗移栽成活率 85 %以上。试管苗移植大田后生长正常 ,即将开花结果