Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

农业信息：传统与现代的耦合

近年来，国家投资建设大量信息基础设施，以保证农业信息能更好的被农户采用。而现实中，农户并不通过网络、电视和报刊等现代信息手段获得农业信息，相反，基于地缘和血缘的熟人网络和以盈利为目的的商人成了农业信息传播的主要媒介。在这种传播方式下，农户的利益常遭侵害，农业科技难以广泛有效的传播，甚至一些假信息让农户失去了对“科技”的信赖。针对目前存在的种种问题，笔者兼顾现实与未来，提出了相关对策。     

加入WTO后新疆棉花生产可持续发展探讨

我国加入WTO后，新疆棉花生产面临着一系列的挑战与机遇。在阐述新疆棉花生产的优势、劣势及生产现状基础上，剖析了新疆棉花的市场竞争力和我国加入WTO后对新疆棉花生产的正面和负面影响，最后提出了新疆棉花生产可持续发展的对策建议。     

新疆哈密瓜疫病掘氏疫霉及寄主范围的初步研究

据1981～1983年9个哈密瓜生产基地根颈部病害的病原成份调查表明,哈密瓜疫病的优势种为掘氏疫霉菌(Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker.)。为澄清在新疆掘氏疫霉的寄主范围,1989～1990年用1981年采自鄯善县哈密瓜上分离的单孢(Phy-6)菌株,在温室平均温度25～28℃条件下对5科25种自然根颈感病的栽培作物作接种试验。结果表明,本菌是葫芦科大多数作物的重要致病菌,并可侵染棉花和红花;在有伤口条件下可以侵染南瓜、西葫芦和茄株;对苦瓜、丝瓜,豆科作物的豇豆、四季豆、菊科的向日葵、茄科的蕃茄、辣椒、烟草、马铃薯、蔷薇科草莓(植株)等均不能致病。     

人工培育牛黄对小白鼠离体小肠运动的解痉作用

本文证明培育牛黄对乙酰胆硷与氯化钡所引起的小白鼠离体小肠痉挛有解痉作用。培育牛黄的成份中去氧胆酸具有较强的抗乙酰胆硷与氯化钡作用,其浓度与效应呈直线相关。其成分中的胆酸仅有较弱的抗乙酰胆硷作用,且浓度与效应不呈直线相关,也无抗氯化钡作用。     

棉花冠层对不同灌水量的反应及其产量形成研究

通过探讨新疆北部棉区推广棉种新陆早6号与新陆早8号,在不同灌水量条件下冠层结构特征的差异性,得出新陆早6号对限量滴灌反应不敏感,而新陆早8号对限量滴灌反应较敏感。因此,在限量滴灌条件下,选择新陆早6号种植较适宜。叶面积指数低,叶片平均倾斜角度大,群体散射辐射透过系数和群体直射辐射透过系数增加,光能的截获率降低,由此得出,不同品种对灌水量的反应表现及理想群体冠层结构的合理指标,为增加棉花产量和提高水分利用效率提供了理论依据。     

中国美利奴羊(新疆型)无角类型培育理论依据及测交试验结果

绵羊角的有无是由或主要由一个基因位点（Locus）上的三个等位基因（H、h’、h）所决定。三个等位基因的遗传方式是：H为显性无角基因，对h为完全显性，即Hh基因型均表现无角性状；h为隐性有角基因，即hh基因型均表现有角性状；h，为一个频率很低的基因，对h为不完全显性，即h＇h基因型仍表现为有角性状；但H对h’基因为不完全显性，即Hh’基因型可能出现角痕（角突或角基）。而h’h’基因型公羊表现为小角、发育残缺不全的矫型角，母羊表现为无角。培育无角革的关键是选择使用无角公羊，通过测交试验能确定无角公羊基因的纯合度，从而决定如何使用。     

旅游城市化现象初探——以新疆吐鲁番市为例

旅游城市化是随着城市化和旅游业的不断发展而出现的一种必然现象 ,本文以吐鲁番为例阐述旅游城市化对城市发展的作用 ,并在此基础上说明实施旅游城市化应注意的问题如 :要选择和确定城市发展的主题 ,城市规划和旅游规划要协调一致 ,城市要有较为完善的旅游服务设施体系及城市的社会经济发展不能完全依赖于旅游城市化等。     

Comparative studies of strains of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus isolated from latently infected calves

Three strains (479 C, 778 TL, 982 LE) of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus isolated from latently infected calves were compared with the prototype strain of IBR virus (LA strain) in studies which included restriction endonuclease analysis, experimental infection, and reciprocal cross protection tests in cattle. From the restriction endonuclease analysis it appeared that the 3 "latent" viruses were derived from the same isolate, and that it differed slightly from the LA strain. However, latency does not seem to have affected the pathogenicity or the immunogenicity of the virus. This is demonstrated by the identical clinical and virologic response of calves subjected to experimental infection with the various strains under study, and by the finding that when the LA strain and a "latent" strain (982 LE) were tested in cross protection tests in cattle, they proved to be mutually protective.     

奶牛难产激发应激性急性肾上腺皮质功能不全——心衰、水电解质严重失调辩析

应激性急性肾上腺皮质功能不全症的病理机制十分复杂,目前人医的各类文献中大都以“垂体—肾上腺轴”功能不全、功能衰竭、或发生广泛性出血坏死性病演作解释。本病在奶牛分娩难产过程中并不少见,病牛的症状表现以心衰和失钠性低血症为主征。但在兽医临床上由于认识不足,曾有不少中外学者将奶牛产后卧地不起的各类疾病,含糊地统称为“母牛睡倒爬不起来综合征”;更由于救治不当,病牛常以淘汰或死亡告终。本文通过对一具体典型病例辨析,着重讨论了本病的基本病理反应和确立诊断依据,强调对本病救护施治时应遵循的基本原则,供同道们在分析和解决这一实际问题时参考。