基于键合图理论的动力稳定装置轮轨间动态特性分析

考虑动力稳定装置的轮轨非线性接触、轮轨间的间隙传动、夹钳油缸和水平油缸的等效刚度建立了动力稳定装置动态特性键合图模型.使用分段函数表达式实现了轮轨间的间隙传动.针对不同夹持力对于能量的传递效率与作业效果进行了深入分析与探究,确定了所需最小的水平油缸的推力.     

Microstructures, Reaction Kinetics and Properties of Reaction Between Magnesium and Silica Glass

In earlier calculation models,the stiffness centers in frame-shear wall structures have been located by the structural torsion stiffness.However,the results are illogical owing to the difference between the distortion character and the shears distribute mechanism of the frames and shear walls.In this paper,a new formula for calculating story stiffness is introduced,which can consider the stiffness of the frames and shear walls at the same time.The structural stiffness centers,the torsion eccentric distances and torsion effect are calculated,and the stiffness of elements is considered also.It is shown that the concept of the presented stiffness model is clear and the results are reasonable,which can be used to calculate the appreciative torsion effect.     

仿生变刚度关节设计与试验

变刚度关节是一种具有本质柔顺性的机器人机构,能够提高机器人与人交互作用时的安全性。本文设计了一种采用弹簧片的机械式仿生变刚度关节,利用差动轮系实现关节位置与刚度的独立控制。基于弹簧片大挠度变形,在关节中采用的2种弹簧片末端施力结构对刚度特性的影响进行分析,仿真结果表明,末端施力结构对偏转时的刚度变化有较大影响。对变刚度关节样机的刚度性能进行试验,试验结果与仿真结果一致,表明该关节具有较大的刚度变化范围,并且2种末端施力结构可以分别满足持续高刚度和碰撞安全性的应用要求。     

An in vitro biomechanical comparison of the breaking strength and stiffness of polydioxanone (sizes 2, 7) and polyglactin 910 (sizes 3, 6) in the equine linea alba

OBJECTIVE: To determine failure strength, stiffness, and failure mode of 4 suture materials in equine linea alba. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized complete block design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Linea albas collected from 12 adult horses (mean weight, 475 kg; mean age, 10 years). METHODS: The ventral abdominal fascia, including the linea alba, was collected and bisected along the linea alba into right and left halves. Each half was divided into four, 5-cm sections extending from the umbilicus cranially, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 suture materials: 2 polydioxanone (2 PD), 3 polyglactin 910 (3 PG), 6 polyglactin 910 (6 PG), and 7 polydioxanone (7 PD). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each specimen at a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Differences in failure strength and stiffness for the materials were evaluated using a mixed linear model with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: In 94 of 96 test sections, constructs failed by suture failure. There were significant differences in failure strength (P<.0001) and stiffness (P<.001) among the suture/tissue constructs. 7 PD had the highest breaking strength (316.8 N) followed by 6 PG (281.3 N), 3 PG (229.9 N), and 2 PD (193.0 N). Six PG had the largest stiffness (14 N/mm) followed by 3 PG (12.7 N/mm), 7 PD (10.1 N/mm), and 2 PD (7.2 N/mm). Suture breaking strength and stiffness were not affected by linea or fascia thickness, individual horse, half of the linea alba, or abdominal wall position. Eighty-five (90.4%) suture loops failed adjacent the knot. CONCLUSIONS: When tested in single cycle to failure, suture material was more likely to fail than the linea alba. Larger suture materials had higher breaking strengths than smaller suture materials and stiffness was also affected by suture material and size. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given its high initial breaking strength and its relatively longer in vivo strength retention, 7 PD seems an appropriate choice of suture material for closure of the equine linea alba when maximal short-term failure strength is desired.     

Measurement of articular cartilage stiffness of the femoropatellar, tarsocrural, and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses and comparison with biochemical data

OBJECTIVE: To determine normal cartilage stiffness values in different weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing areas of 3 different equine joints, and to evaluate the relationship between cartilage stiffness and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. STUDY DESIGN: Compressive stiffness of the articular cartilage was measured in 8 horse cadaver femoropatellar (FP), tarsocrural (TC), and metatarsophalangeal (MT) joints. Gross evaluation, collagen content, GAG content, and histologic appearance were assessed for each measurement location. ANIMALS: Eight equine cadavers (4 intact females, 4 castrated males; 7 Quarter Horse or Quarter Horse type, 1 Arabian; aged 4-12 years, weighing 400-550 kg). METHODS: The articular surfaces of 8 equine cadaver FP, TC, and MT joints were grossly evaluated for signs of articular cartilage pathology. Stiffness at preselected sites (FP joint-6 sites; TC joint-3 sites; MT joint-4 sites) was determined using an arthroscopic indentation instrument. Biochemical composition (collagen, GAG content) and histologic evaluation (modified Mankin score) were assessed for each measurement site. RESULTS: All cartilage from all sites evaluated was determined to be normal based on macroscopic and histologic assessments. No significant correlation between Mankin scores and cartilage stiffness values was observed. Site differences in cartilage stiffness were measured in all 3 joints (P<.001). GAG or collagen content had a significant positive correlation with stiffness values in 6 of 13 sites (P<.05, r>0.622, r2>0.387). CONCLUSION: Relative cartilage stiffness values measured in healthy equine joints are site dependent and can be measured using an indentation device intended for arthroscopic application. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An indentation instrument provided an objective means of determining relative compressive stiffness of articular cartilage. Further research needs to be performed to confirm the site and joint differences observed in this study in clinically normal horses and to determine if the tester can be used clinically to predict articular cartilage pathology.     

基于多体动力学的双横臂独立悬架线刚度的计算

建立了以扭杆为弹性元件的双横臂独立悬架系统的空间多体系统模型，推导出了系统的动力学方程和双横臂独立悬架系统刚度计算公式，并用所编制的软件进行了悬架刚度的计算。在求解系统的动力学方程时，提出了解决动力学方程求解过程中“违约”问题的一种新方法，其基本思想是当约束方程不满足时，进行系统装配。通过应用此方法的软件，对具体车型进行了悬架系统刚度仿真计算。计算结果与试验相当吻合，说明文中所建的模型和提出的约束稳定的方法是正确的。     

基于模式搜索的轮胎纵向刚度估计方法

提出了一种含有两个参数的轮胎纵向力模型,并通过该模型利用基于模式搜索的最小二乘法对轮胎的纵向刚度和滚动半径进行了动态估计。仿真证明了该算法的可行性。将该算法应用于车辆的实际试验数据,结果证明轮胎的压力与轮胎纵向刚度近似成反比。     

耗能支撑的斜撑刚度对框架结构减震效果的影响

摩擦耗能支撑减震技术是一种行之有效的减震措施,本文利用ANSYS分析了斜撑刚度对结构减震效果的影响,得出对于本文算例斜撑刚度与结构刚度的比值为2-6时,减震效果最好。     

基于侧向变刚度的轮胎多边形磨损机理分析

考虑轮胎接地摩擦的非线性特性,建立了基于侧向变刚度的轮胎多边形磨损模型,并对系统的稳定性进行了分析,指出轮胎的自激振动是一种由系统Hopf分岔引起的稳定周期振动现象,通过数值仿真得到了引起胎面自激振动的车速和车轮前束角范围.结果表明:轮胎多边形磨损为一种典型的非线性自激振动现象,其发生与胎面的侧向振动有关,磨损边数近似等于胎面的侧向振动频率与车轮转动频率之比.所建模型能够很好地解释轮胎多边形磨损的形成机理.