鸡马立克氏病琼扩抗原的研制及应用

将马立克氏病死鸡的皮肤或羽囊捣碎，制成MD琼扩抗原。试验结果表明，自制MD皮肤和羽囊琼扩抗原与标准抗的检测MD抗体的敏感性和特异性相同，但皮肤琼扩抗原制造方法相对比较简单，产量也较高。     

Categorization of the pelvic limb standing posture in nine breeds of dogs

The objective of the study was to categorize objectively nine breeds of healthy dogs according to pelvic limb standing posture. A total of 135 dogs from different breeds were used and the standing angles of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, together with the percentages of the greater trochanter, patella and tuber calcanei heights, with respect to crista iliaca height, were used as discriminant variables for the categorization of pelvic limb posture. All included breeds were allocated to three groups of the standing pelvic limb posture. The best discriminant variables between the three groups were the percentage of patellar height, and the standing angles of the stifle and tarsal joints. German shepherds, Anatolian shepherds, golden retrievers, Rottweilers, Belgian Malinois and Dobermann pinschers were well separated between 89% and 100% success rate for the categorization. The minimal success rate was determined in Berner sennenhunds as the ratio of 75%. It was also determined that Dobermann pinschers had the straightest pelvic limbs, while German shepherds had the most angulated pelvic limbs. Further studies are required to document the impact of postural differences in active and passive structure diseases of the locomotor system of the pelvic limb among dog breeds.     

Successful small intestinal resection and anastomosis in a late term broodmare with colic via a standing left flank laparotomy

A late term broodmare presented with low‐grade intestinal colic. Clinical findings were consistent with a small intestinal lesion requiring surgical intervention. The risks of general anaesthesia to the fetus, combined with clinical findings in an otherwise quiet natured horse influenced the decision to choose an alternative standing left flank approach first. A small intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed successfully and the mare delivered a healthy foal without complications a month later. Standing colic surgery might be a preferred alternative to general anaesthesia in certain circumstances as discussed in this case report.     

论《中庸》之“中”与“诚”

商周时代人们信仰上帝鬼神，春秋战国时期老子提出了以“无”为本的哲学本体论。至子思，则提出以“中”和“诚”为本的哲学本体论。子思认为，“中”和“诚”虽无形影，却具有与上帝、鬼神一样的至上性和神妙性，它已经不仅是一般学者所理解的“时中”之“中”和诚信之“诚”，它同时是“天下之大本”和“天之道”。后世儒者因而称子思善于“体道”。大凡“本体”问题，皆很难证实或证伪，但将“中”和“诚”视作“本体”，便使之进入了信仰的层面。子思在孔子创立仁学的哲学思想体系之后，又建立了“中”和“诚”的哲学思想体系，从而大大丰富和发展了儒学思想。     

The long-term effects of fire regime on primary production of montane grasslands in South Africa

Natural grasslands deliver essential ecosystem services through plant production, which enhances water supply, nutrient cycling, soil retention and greenhouse gas mitigation. Although the condition of montane grasslands for provision of ecosystem services is maintained by regular annual or biennial burning, controversy exists over the impact of different frequencies and seasons of burning on grassland productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of different burning regimes on primary production and quality of the montane grasslands of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg. There were no significant differences in the mean standing live mass between 30 years of annual winter and biennial spring burning. However, in unburnt areas productivity was 20% lower (118.2?g m?2) than in regularly burnt grassland (144.7–154.5?g m?2). Crude protein did not vary between the annual winter and biennial spring treatments (95–113?kg ha?1), but was significantly lower in unburned areas (45?kg ha^?1). However, an infrequent fire in a protected area caused a temporary spike in crude protein (16%) compared with regular burning (5–10%), which can benefit wildlife. We conclude that montane grasslands can be burnt annually or biennially in the dormant season to promote long-term productivity.     

河西绿洲灌区留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作的增产节水效应

试验设20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20),40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40),40 cm立秆(NS40),20 cm立秆(NS20),6 750kg/hm2覆盖(NSB40),3 750 kg/hm2覆盖(NSB20)和传统耕作(CT)7个处理,在节水1 950 m3/hm2的条件下,研究了不同的秸秆覆盖量、留茬高度和秸秆处理对小麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和不同时期土壤水分的影响。结果表明,留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的产量,NPS20,NPS40,NS40,NS20,NSB40和NSB20较CT分别增产53.08%,46.59%,40.81%,19.93%,17.33%和4.34%;留茬覆盖免耕保护性耕作提高了春小麦的水分利用效率(WUE)(NPS20,NS40,NPS40,NS20,NSB40,NSB20分别较CT提高58.02%,43.40%,47.27%,23.78%,20.69%,8.56%),但增加了小麦生育期土壤水分支出;不同处理在不同时期对土壤水分的影响不同。     

Soft-switching Analysis Phase-Shifted-FB-ZVS-PWM DC-DC Converter With Saturable Inductor

Compared with the traditional full-bridge(FB)zero-voltage-switched(ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated(PWM) converter, the FB-ZVS-PWM converter with a saturable inductor has a wider load range with ZVS and smaller circulating energy as well as smaller duty cycle loss. By analyzing the operation principle of the converter, this paper studies design considerations of the parameter bringing about ZVS and dead time of the switch, and gives out the design method, finally simulation testing has been carried out.     

应力波在落叶松活立木中传播影响因素数值模拟

探究应力波在落叶松活立木中传播的影响因素,有助于研究应力波在人工林活立木中的传播机理。依据固体介质中的应力波传播理论和弹性力学理论,将活立木看作只由心材层和边材层组成的两层结构材料,基于活立木的正交各向异性假定,利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件对应力波在活立木中的传播进行了模拟计算,并研究了敲击载荷频率、活立木胸径和心材比对应力波传播的影响。结果表明,应力波波速随着载荷脉冲频率的增大而减小;对于胸径为10 cm的活立木模型,当传播距离达到1. 2 m时,应力波波阵面已经转换为一维平面波,而对于胸径超过30 cm的活立木模型,应力波在0～1. 2 m传播距离内是以三维膨胀波的形式传播;活立木胸径对应力波的传播速度有影响,当胸径小于10 cm时,波速较小且基本没有发生变化,当胸径从10 cm增加到40 cm时,应力波的波速随着活立木胸径的增加而增加,而当胸径超过40 cm时,波速略微增加后保持相对稳定;应力波在活立木中的波速随着心材比的增大而减小。胸径对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状有影响,而敲击载荷频率和心材比对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状没有影响,但三者都会对应力波的传播速度产生影响,数值模拟最佳的敲击载荷频率为2. 5 kHz,应力波在活立木中的传播速度不只取决于边材的力学性能,而是受到心材和边材的共同影响。     

死猪堆肥处理的通风率选择探讨

针对生产中死猪难处理的问题,作者对死猪堆肥技术进行了试验研究。试验采用箱式堆肥方法,设定处理1、处理2、处理3的通风速率分别为300、200和100L/(m3·min),每个处理设置4个重复;堆肥箱有效容积为0.95m3,每个堆肥箱中间单层放入3头死猪(总质量30～32kg),死猪上、下和四周是由玉米秸秆和猪粪混合的堆肥物料。在北京夏季条件下的运行结果表明,各处理堆肥箱内平均温度超过55℃的时间分别为19、19和34d,处理间差异不显著;试验6周后,死猪仅剩下大部分骨骼,此时3种处理的死猪降解率分别达到(95.5±1.4)%、(94.7±1.7)%和(95.0±0.8)%,仅处理1与处理3的死猪质量(湿基)差异显著(P<0.05);试验14d后粪大肠菌群数即能满足相关标准的无害化要求;各处理堆肥物料的同一特性参数的变化规律一致,且无显著差异,堆肥结束时物料的有机质(干基)质量分数在47%～48%,全氮和全磷(干基)的质量分数达5.7%～6.4%,超过《有机肥料》标准的总养分≥5%的技术指标要求。鉴于以上试验结果,综合考虑运行成本,建议死猪箱式堆肥的通风率不大于100L/(m3·min)和堆肥时间不少于6周。死猪堆肥在无害化处理死猪的同时,将其转化成有机肥料,将为中国规模化猪场的死猪处理提供新的技术选择。