柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡盲肠和脾脏一氧化氮合酶的表达

采用NADPH—d(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate—diaphroase)组织化学法观察了雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳珠虫(E．tenella)后一氧化氮合酶(N0S)在盲肠和脾脏中的分布与表达情况。试验结果表明，所有正常鸡盲肠粘膜下层和肌层均有较深的着色，根据以往的资料和N0S的表达特性初步判断为神经元型N0S(nNOS)；试验鸡在感染后3～5d，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮也有较深的着色，并从感染后7d开始着色减弱；而对照组鸡盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮以及对照组和试验组的脾脏几乎不着色或着色很浅。试验结果提示，盲肠粘膜上皮和肠腺上皮的着色可能是诱导型N0S(iN0S)表达的结果，而由其产生的N0参与雏鸡球虫感染过程。     

实验性脾虚证大白鼠酶组织化学研究

将45只大白鼠随机分成3组，即实验组、治疗组及对照组，每组15只。以利血平致大白鼠脾虚证模型，分阶段捕杀动物，取肝脏、胃、十二指肠，用酶组织化学方法测定酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)活性的变化。结果表明：实验组、治疗组、正常对照组各酶活性均发生了变化，在第7天、第14天时组内各酶存在着动态学上的变化。治疗组各酶活性接近正常对照组，说明四君子汤具明显的治疗作用。     

脾虚仔猪口服左旋氧氟沙星的"辨证药动学"研究

15头健康仔猪，分3组，每组5头：即健康组、脾虚组和四君子汤反证组。按20mg／kg的剂量内服进行左旋氧氟沙星的辨证药动学研究。高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度，3p97药代动力学程序处理药时数据。健康组和脾虚组药动学数据符合一级吸收一室模型，四君子汤反证组药动学数据符合一级吸收二室模型。试验结果表明：仔猪脾虚状态下明显影响左旋氧氟沙星内服给药的药动学特征(PK)；四君子汤可使脾虚仔猪异常的左旋氧氟沙星的药动学特征得到恢复，为验证“辨证药动学”假说和完善中西兽医结合提供了进一步的科学依据。     

Anatomical variation of arterial supply to the rabbit spleen

The rabbit, which is widely used as an experimental animal and is also popular as a companion animal, has a flat and elongated spleen with the longitudinal hilus running along its visceral surface. The spleen receives via the hilus an arterial supply that is essential for splenic nutrition and normal functioning. However, the distribution and variation of the arteries to the spleen have not been studied in detail. This study investigated anatomical variations of splenic arterial supply in 33 New Zealand White rabbits with a colored latex injection into arteries. We also examined whether the length of the spleen correlated with the number of the splenic branches of the splenic artery. The splenic artery always arose as the first independent branch of the celiac artery and ran along the splenic hilus to usually provide 6 (range, 3 to 10) splenic branches to the spleen. There was a moderate correlation (R=0.6) between the number of splenic branches and the longitudinal length of the spleen. The splenic branches often arose as a trunk or trunks in common with short gastric arteries. The number of common trunk(s) was usually 1 (range, 0 to 4). The data showed that the pattern and number of arterial branches to the spleen varied according to the individual animal, suggesting that such variations should be considered when performing experimental and veterinary surgical treatments in rabbits.     

羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染小鼠脾脏转录组分析

试验旨在探索羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵宿主脾脏组织中引发的免疫应答途径。首先利用羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌(HN01菌株)感染小鼠,建立羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染的动物模型;之后利用转录组测序技术获得感染小鼠与正常小鼠的脾脏转录组数据,并使用COG、KOG、eggNOG、GO、KEGG数据库对测序结果中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行功能注释与分析,同时对于显著富集到关键免疫通路的差异表达基因使用STRING软件和KEGG mapper进行蛋白互作分析,筛选出核心通路中起关键作用的基因;最后选取关键的10个基因进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。转录组分析结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组中筛选出3 380个差异表达基因(P<0.01,log₂|FoldChange|≥0.5),其中1 691个基因上调,1 689个下调。基因功能富集分析结果表明,感染组脾脏中的差异表达基因主要发挥信号转导的功能,其主要参与的生物途径包括细胞因子与细胞因子受体互作通路、趋化因子信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路。蛋白互作分析筛选出约28个核心差异表达基因,结合实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证后,其中9个基因的表达结果与测序一致,分别是C3、Cd4、Cxcl13、Lck、Gnai1、Grap2、IL-6、Cxcr6及Serping1基因。本研究初步证明了脾脏在抵抗多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵中参与了一系列免疫应答反应,为进一步研究羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌与宿主之间相互作用的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

中华鳖脾脏雄激素受体mRNA 的原位杂交检测

采用原位杂交技术（In situ hybridization,ISH）研究雄激素受体（Androgen receptor,AR）mRNA在中华鳖（Pelodiseus Sinensis）脾脏的存在及细胞定位。取5只健康成年中华鳖的脾脏,进行石蜡切片。用地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针对组织切片进行原位杂交（In situ hybridization,ISH）,检测雄激素受体mRNA在脾脏免疫细胞内的表达定位。结果显示,大部分雄激素受体mRNA阳性细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,数量少胞体大且呈不规则形。阳性细胞在脾脏动脉周围淋巴鞘（Pefiatefial lymphatic sheath,PALS）和红髓（Red pulp,RP）内分布密集。椭球周围淋巴鞘（Periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath,PELS）内AR mRNA阳性细胞分布极少。杂交阳性信号物质在细胞质和细胞核均有分布。在标记为阳性的中华鳖脾脏中,推测圆形的阳性细胞可能为B淋巴细胞,而另一部分胞体大且形状不规则的阳性细胞则可能为巨噬细胞。脾脏内AR mRNA的存在进一步证实雄激素可能是调节脾脏等免疫器官功能的因素之一。[中国水产科学,2008,15（2）：337—341]     

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen mimicking pancreatic insulinoma with intrapancreatic metastasis in a cat

An 11-year-old neutered male Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a 3-month history of hypoglycemia, two episodes of seizure, and intermittent tick-like signs. Serum biochemistry revealed severe hypoglycemia associated with high insulin concentrations. Dynamic abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated two pancreatic masses, which were enhanced most during the late arterial phase but had different degrees and variations of attenuation. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed that one mass was an insulinoma and the other was an ectopic splenic tissue, consistent with the differences in imaging findings. When an intrapancreatic lesion with hyper-attenuation on dynamic abdominal CT is detected, not only insulinoma or metastasis of malignancies but also intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) should be considered as differential diagnoses.     

酷暑对兔体温和猪瘟定型热比率的影响

选用无猪瘟抗体原料兔作试验,研究酷暑对兔体温变化及注射猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋乳浆液后产生定型热比率的影响。结果表明,当兔体周围气温达38℃时,100%的兔体温超过41℃;当环境温度达35.5℃时,100%的兔体温超过40℃。这些试验兔群表现出不同程度的中暑症状。发生中暑的试验兔群,在22℃的GMP生产动物房内饲养3 d后,每只注射含4 000个发热单位的猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋乳浆液,5个试验组所产生的定型热比率分别为47%、65%、73%、54%、63%;而饲养于17~25℃舒适气温中的无猪瘟抗体兔群,转移到22℃的GMP生产动物房,注射相同病毒量后,产生定型热比率为98%、96%。上述结果表明在猪瘟兔化弱毒脾淋疫苗生产中,GMP生产动物房必须给兔子提供最舒适的室温,原料兔在生产后期和运输过程中也应避免中暑。但中暑过的试验兔,若能产生定型热,其脾淋毒价仍符合制造活疫苗的要求。     

脾虚证大鼠肝脏组织的病理变化

观察脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织病理学变化,探讨脾虚证中肝脏组织病理学变化与脾虚证时肝脏功能障碍间的联系。利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型,运用组织病理学研究方法,从不同方面观察研究肝脏组织病理学变化。在研究中发现,脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织中出现淤血,细胞变性,萎缩,炎性细胞浸润等病理变化,而且肝脏组织中糖原储存量显著减少,门管区胶原纤维增生,细胞中酸性磷酸酶活性升高,透射电镜观察发现细胞质中蓄积大量的次级溶酶体,细胞核出现皱缩,细胞体积减小,线粒体肿胀。脾虚证中肝脏组织发生多种组织病理学变化,很有可能是引起脾虚证肝功能障碍的原因。