肾俞穴,后三里穴与子宫相关的神经基础

应用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）法和荧光素双标记法，研究了家兔子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的外周神经联系。结果显示，支配子宫与肾俞穴、后三里穴的初级传入神经元及交感节后神经元分布节段部分重叠，在腰１（Ｌ１）脊神经节有少量的荧光素双标记细胞，约占该节荧光素标记细胞总数的２．６％，表明Ｌ１脊神经节有一些初级传入神经元，其周围突分支分布于肾俞穴和子宫，提示子宫与肾俞穴除通过中枢途径联系外，还可通过外周突分支投射的感觉神经元直接相联系；在胸１２～荐３（Ｔ１２～Ｓ３）交感神经节出现大量分别支配子宫和后三里穴的标记细胞，这两种细胞紧密相邻，提示支配子宫和后三里穴的交感节后神经元之间，可能还存在直接或间接联系。上述结果为穴位－内脏相关机理提供了形态学证据。     

Investigations on the Occurrence of Hereditary Diseases in the Danish Cattle Population 1989-1991

Agerholm, J.S., A. Basse and K. Christensen: Investigations on the occurrence of hereditary diseases in the Danish cattle population 1989-1991. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 34, 245-253.– The methods of the Danish Bovine Genetic Disease Programme are outlined, and the results obtained during the first 3 years in function are described. The most common disease reported was spinal muscular atrophy in calves of the Red Danish Dairy breed with 312 reports. Necropsy was performed on 162 cases, and spinal muscular atrophy was diagnosed in 82 of these. Bovine progressive degenerative mye-loencephalopathy, rectovaginal constriction, syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis, hereditary chondrodysplasia (2 different types), syndactylism, epitheliogenesis imperfecta, and osteogenesis imperfecta was diagnosed with 1 case each. Lethal trait A46 was diagnosed in 4 calves. Some of these diseases have not previously been described in Denmark, and epitheliogenesis imperfecta was for the first time diagnosed in the Hereford breed. Chromosome translocation 1/29 was detected in the Blonde d’Aquitaine (BAQ), Limousine, and Red Danish Dairy breed. The aberration occurred frequently in BAQ. Furthermore, a complex chromosome translocation t(l;8;9)(q45;ql3;q26) was detected in the Red Danish Dairy breed.     

不同海拔下甲醇替代率和主喷正时对RCCI发动机性能的影响

为探究不同海拔条件下甲醇/柴油反应活性控制压燃（reactivity controlled compression ignition, RCCI）发动机的运行特性,该研究基于甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机试验台架,试验研究1 800r/min、100%负荷和3 200r/min、100%负荷下不同甲醇替代率、柴油喷射正时对发动机燃烧与排放性能的影响规律。结果表明：不同海拔条件下随着甲醇替代率的增加,缸压和瞬时放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧始点和燃烧中心前移,当量有效燃油消耗率（equivalent brake specific fuel consumption, ESFC）降低,有效热效率升高,NO_x和碳烟排放大幅降低,THC（total hydrocarbons）和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、100%负荷工况下,甲醇替代率由0增至20%,0、1 000、2 000m海拔下最大缸压平均增加1.72MPa,瞬时放热率峰值平均升高25.08J/(°),ESFC平均降低4.67%,有效热效率平均升高4.90%,NO_x和碳烟排放分别平均降低16.63%和50%,THC和CO排放量分别平均增加142.03、388.18 mg/kg。3 200 r/min下甲醇替代率由0增至7%,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低1.76%,有效热效率平均升高1.79%,NO_x和碳烟排放量分别平均降低8.17%和20.70%。海拔高度由0升至2 000m,1 800r/min、20%甲醇替代率与3 200r/min、7%甲醇替代率下,瞬时放热率峰值分别降低4.80和8.08J/(°),燃烧中心分别推迟1.44°和1.43°,有效热效率分别降低0.82%和0.68%,ESFC分别升高2.10%和1.99%,NO_x排放量分别减少10.61%和7.35%,碳烟排放分别增加26.54%和32.12%,THC排放分别升高29.88%和15.45%,CO排放量分别增加22.42%和18.15%。固定甲醇替代率后,随着柴油主喷正时提前,不同海拔条件下缸压和放热率峰值逐渐升高,燃烧中心向上止点靠近,ESFC逐渐降低,有效热效率升高,碳烟排放减少,NO_x、THC和CO排放增加。1 800 r/min、15%甲醇替代率下,主喷正时从-1.5°提前至-7.5°,不同海拔高度下ESFC平均降低8.27%,有效热效率平均升高9.08%,碳烟排放平均减少90.94%。为提升高海拔条件下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机的热效率和燃油经济性,可以适当增大柴油主喷正时。研究结果可为不同海拔环境下甲醇/柴油RCCI发动机燃烧与污染物排放控制优化提供参考。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN SPINAL CORD INFARCTION IN THREE SMALL BREED DOGS

Fibrocartilaginous embolization (FCE) of the spinal cord is a common disease in large breed dogs. There are only a few reports about this entity in small breed dogs and it has never been reported in chondrodystrophic breed. For definitive diagnosis histopathologic examination is necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a potential diagnostic tool for intravitam diagnosis of FCE has been mentioned before, but results have not been reported so far. This report describes the neurological findings and MRI results in three small breed dogs, including a Pekingese dog, with FCE of the spinal cord. The disease was suspected in two animals based upon clinical and MRI-appearance and confirmed in the third by histopathological examination. In all three cases, similar focal intramedullary lesions, consisting of hyperintensive signals on T2-weighted images, were detected. Based on these findings, high-field MRI may be used as an antemortem tool for the diagnosis of FCE. It is also shown that FCE can occur in chondrodystrophic dogs.     

神经生长因子及其受体TrKA在山羊脊髓发育中的表达特点

运用免疫组织化学超敏 SP法对山羊胎儿脊髓发育中神经生长因子 (nerve growth factor,NGF)及其高亲和力受体 Tr KA的表达及其功能进行了系统的研究和探讨。结果显示 ,山羊胎儿脊髓灰质中存在 NGF及其受体 Tr KA,于 6周龄胚就可检测到 ,随胚龄增加 ,其表达范围及免疫反应着色程度逐渐增强。 NGF主要分布于腹角和背角的神经细胞 ,反应产物主要定位于胞质和突起 ;Tr KA的分布主要以腹角及胶状质为主 ,反应产物主要定位于胞核 ,后期胞质及突起也可见到阳性反应。在山羊胎儿脊髓白质中也可观察到 NGF及 Tr KA免疫阳性反应 ,其发育后期更为显著 ,阳性反应主要分布于神经胶质细胞核、神经纤维的轴索及雪旺氏细胞。结果提示 ,NGF不仅对交感和感觉神经元的发育起作用 ,而且还与腹角运动神经元的发育有关     

Research on Lead-time Compression of Inventory Integrating Remanufacturing and Manufacturing System for the IOT Environment

The lead time compression is the core of supply chain management with time competition and the powerful source of competitive advantage of supply chain.As an emerging technology,The Internet of things ...     

小美牛肝菌生物碱抑制运动神经系统原理

通过大鼠急性毒性试验、大鼠脊髓损伤运动功能试验和大鼠脊髓含水量试验,对小美牛肝菌生物碱抑制运动神经系统的原理进行研究。大鼠急性毒性试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌生物碱含有一定的毒性,对机体组织的运动神经系统有一定的影响;大鼠脊髓损伤运动功能试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌所含的生物碱物质能够促进大鼠脊髓损伤恢复,降低大鼠脊髓神经损伤;大鼠脊髓含水量试验结果表明,小美牛肝菌生物碱具有消炎抗氧化作用,能够降低过氧化物对神经细胞的损害。     

基于SHPB试验的桦木压缩动力学特性

【目的】利用木材动态压缩加载试验研究热磨机研磨解离破碎阶段木材原料受动态压缩载荷的动力学特性，并研究应变率、加载方向对木材原料动力学特性的影响，旨在深化木材原料研磨解离机制的研究，为热磨法纤维分离设备及磨片的齿形结构优化设计提供理论指导。【方法】利用 Hopkinson 杆试验装置对含水率为12.65%、密度为0.50 g·cm －3的桦木试件进行应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1，加载方向为径向、弦向和轴向的动态压缩试验，获得桦木在不同应变率及方向上动态压缩加载的解离特征、动态应力－应变曲线及相应的力学特性。【结果】对比分析各组试验后试件的破坏形态发现：1)当应变率约为400 s －1时，径向、弦向和轴向加载的试件主要发生塑性变形；2)当应变率约为800 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成几大块，并且有一些“火柴棍”状的小试件从大试件上剥离；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生更大的塑性变形，并且在试件上、下两端处沿加载方向产生贯穿性裂纹，试件被解离成三大块；轴向加载试件受载面边缘处的纤维大量产生压溃现象，在加载面上产生贯穿性裂纹且有片状小试件从大试件上剥离；3)当应变率约为1200 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成大量“火柴棍”状的小试件，并且小试件的尺寸明显小于应变率为800 s －1时；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生的塑性变形与应变率为800 s －1时相当，但是试件上端处被解离成许多片状的小试件，并且沿加载方向试件上产生了数条贯穿整个试件的大裂纹；轴向加载试件被解离成大量短粗状的小试件，并且小试件上带有明显的褶皱。对比分析各组试验试件的应力－应变曲线发现：1)动态压缩加载条件下桦木的应力－应变曲线可以由屈服点应变分为弹性阶段和屈服后弱线性强化阶段2部分；2)桦木沿径向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为4.56，10.49，14.22 MPa 和2.88，8.32，20.70 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了2.11和6.19倍；3)桦木沿弦向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为5.87，7.90，9.65 MPa 和2.53，7.41，12.92 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了0.64和4.10倍；4)桦木沿轴向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度分别为22.90，71.41，96.37 MPa 和18.79，67.74，114.32 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了3.21和5.08倍。【结论】随着应变率的增加，桦木的解离程度加大，径向加载最易解离，轴向加载最难解离；桦木的动态压缩屈服强度、动态压缩韧性模量具有很强的应变率敏感性，是一种应变率敏感材料。     

The clinical features and short-term treatment outcomes of scirrhous cord: A retrospective study of 32 cases

Scirrhous cord (SC) is an uncommon complication of castration, characterised by chronic infection of the spermatic cord remnant. It is reported that surgical excision of the infected tissue is the most effective means of treatment, but there are few published studies assessing the outcomes of horses treated for SC. The aims of this retrospective study were to describe the clinical features and short-term outcomes in horses treated for SC at two equine hospitals in the UK. The clinical records of horses diagnosed with SC over a 10-year period were reviewed. A diagnosis of SC was made if the gelding presented with typical clinical signs with confirmation at surgery. Thirty-two cases of SC were identified at the two equine hospitals. The mean age at presentation was 6 years (range 2–14 years, n = 22), and the median time from castration to presentation was 29.5 days (range 20–2500 days). Mean age at castration was 4.3 years (range 6 months to 10 years, n = 10). Clinical signs included scrotal swelling, discharging wounds, hindlimb lameness and pyrexia. Five horses demonstrated hyperfibrinogenaemia (n = 8). Microbial culture isolated various bacterial species. All 32 cases were treated with surgical excision of the infected tissue and discharged from the hospitals between 1 and 10 days post-operatively. A limitation of this study is that it was a retrospective study with no long-term follow-up available. It was concluded that the results of this study confirm that SC can present at variable time points following castration, even many years later, and that a variety of bacterial species may be involved. Surgical excision of infected tissue is a successful treatment with a good short-term prognosis for survival.