Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)

Two mungbean varieties, Guj-1 and PIMS-1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS-1 . Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.     

充足底墒播后不灌水时肥料和播期组合对小麦生长和耗水的影响

在充足底墒播后不灌水条件下,进行了适当晚播(10月15日播)与超晚播条件下的小麦肥料试验。主要结果为:(1)播后不灌水条件下超晚播减产严重,主要是单位面积总粒数下降太多,通过适当提高穗密度难以补偿;(2)高施磷条件下(施磷二铵450kg/hm2),随施氮量的增加,开花前的耗水量没有增加,而灌浆期的耗水量则随氮肥用量增加而增加;(3)控制花前无效生长,降低花前耗水,优化开花后的群体结构,提高灌浆期的灌浆强度是降低总耗水、提高水分利用效率的基本途径。     

The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical weed control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat

Three field experiments were carried out in organically grown winter wheat in Denmark. The treatments were sowing time (normal or late sowing) and false seedbed, row width (12 and 24 cm) and weed control method [untreated; mechanical weed control (weed harrowing at 12 cm supplemented with inter‐row hoeing at 24 cm); and herbicide weed control]. Weed biomass in midsummer was greatest on plots sown at the normal sowing time (compared with delayed sowing) and was reduced by mechanical or chemical weed control (compared with untreated plots). Row width alone had no influence on weed biomass, but in the experiment with high weed pressure, the more intensive mechanical weed control used at a row width of 24 cm reduced weed biomass. Normal sowing time tended to give higher yields, but this was only statistically significant in one of the three experiments. Wide rows gave a yield decrease in the experiment with low weed pressure. The effect of weed control on yield was dependent on the weed pressure. At low weed pressure, mechanical weed control caused a yield decrease compared with untreated or herbicide treated. At intermediate weed levels there were no differences, whereas at high weed pressure, mechanical weed control and herbicide treatment caused a yield increase compared with untreated. False seedbeds were shown to contribute to a decrease in the soil seed reserve.     

氮肥与密度互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响

为明确花生单粒精播适宜的氮肥水平和种植密度,本研究于2018年和2019年以‘花育22’为供试花生品种,设置3个氮肥水平(0 kg hm^–2, N0; 60 kg hm^–2, N1; 120 kg hm^–2, N2), 3个种植密度(7.93万株hm^–2, D1; 15.86万株hm^–2,D2; 23.79万株hm^–2, D3),采用二因素裂区试验设计,研究氮肥、密度及其互作对单粒精播花生根系形态、植株性状及产量的影响。氮肥对花生根长、根表面积、根体积、根干重的影响不显著,而密度的影响显著。单株根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而降低, D1显著高于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著;单位面积根长、根表面积、根体积及根系干重随密度的增加而增加, D1显著低于D2和D3, D2、D3处理间差异不显著。氮肥和密度互作对2019年收获期单位面积根长、根表面积的影响显著,与D1相比, N1处理下D3的增幅显著高于N0和N2处理。氮肥及氮肥与密度互作...     

石羊河流域春秋不同播期人工牧草气候生产力分析

2003～2005年对石羊河流域春秋两种播期人工牧草紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)的生育期,地上、地下生物量,产量等进行了连续测定。结果表明:(1)紫花苜蓿、沙打旺生长第二年(2004年)干物重春播地均高于秋播地。分别增产3 505.0 kg/hm2、2 314.5 kg/hm2。(2)春播和秋播地牧草干物质积累增长关键期均出现在现蕾～开花期。此期紫花苜蓿、沙打旺干物质积累量分别占累积总量的70%和63%。(3)生长第二年(2004年)春播和秋播地青干比最小值出现在开花期,也是牧草刈割的最佳期。(4)春播牧草地下生物量高于秋播。春播紫花苜蓿、沙打旺根干重分别比秋播高2.5～2.6倍和0.5～1.0倍,春播有利于牧草根系生长。(5)春季日平均气温稳定通过5℃为牧草适宜返青温度。在灌溉条件下,牧草干重与热量因子呈显著正相关,生产力高低主要取决于热量的多寡,秋播地和晚熟品种对热量条件的需求更高。     

"服务无小事,小事意义大" ——高校图书馆服务礼仪片论

从学校公共关系角度,揭示了高校图书馆服务礼仪对图书馆形象和高校形象所具有的形象外显和形象隐喻价值,论述了“规范的服务礼仪”的基本要求,探讨了在服务礼仪的教化和培训中内化和外化相结合的方式。     

旱地小麦黑膜全覆盖穴播栽培的效应与模式研究

本研究通过对黑膜、无色膜、垄作、平作、沟播等因素进行组合,探讨了旱地冬小麦地膜全覆盖穴播不同栽培模式的膜下茎和杂草发生规律、土壤温度和水分变化动态及增产增收效果。结果表明,小麦采用黑膜覆盖,自动出苗率比无色膜覆盖平均提高63.73%,膜下茎密度和鲜重分别降低74%以上和98%左右,杂草盛发期的密度和鲜重分别比无色膜覆盖降低62.03%和96.70%,比露地栽培降低70.00%和92.93%。黑膜覆盖小麦全生育期0~25 cm土壤积温比无色膜覆盖降低108.8℃,比露地降低62.9℃,但在播种至拔节阶段,比露地增加72.8℃,拔节至成熟比露地降低135.7℃。水分利用效率黑膜覆盖比无色膜覆盖提高4.48%,比露地提高45.75%。黑膜覆盖比无色膜增产3.05%,比露地增产47.81%。3种起垄方式中,垄作比平作小麦自动出苗率平均提高44.00%,沟播则降低23.80%;膜下茎密度垄作降低35.59%以上,沟播增加25.64%以上;膜下茎鲜重垄作降低30.62%以上,沟播增加12.09%以上。垄作提高土壤积温90.5℃,沟播降低23.5℃;垄作增产3.24%,沟播增产4.90%。以黑色全膜垄作穴播为最佳模式,较全膜覆土穴播自动出苗率平均提高146.93%,膜下茎密度降低98.74%以上,杂草鲜重降低99.90%以上,全生育期增加土壤积温52.0℃,水分利用效率提高10.75%,增产8.68%,节本4 020元·hm~(-2),增加纯收益5 422元·hm~(-2)。且膜面覆土量减少75%,易于清除残膜。其中通用垄沟半微垄模式具有宽窄行距的特点,较微垄模式增产3.89%,增收11.33%,并且适宜机械化作业。     

底墒对压砂地西瓜生长和产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了底墒差异对西瓜生长和产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:播前适宜的底墒(0~100 cm土层储水量在223~238 mm)可以促进西瓜主蔓长的生长、叶片的发生以及提高西瓜叶面积;播前底墒较丰时(0~100 cm土层储水量在283 mm),不利于西瓜前期的生长。与播前不灌水相比,播前灌水造墒处理不同程度地提高了地上部生物量和西瓜产量;其中播前灌水量达到70m3/667m2时,西瓜产量和瓜蔓重最大,分别为1 645 kg/667m2和25.4 kg/667m2,相比播前不灌水处理分别提高了30%和49%。西瓜水分利用效率随播前土壤储水量增加而降低。     

气候变暖对晋北黄土高原半干旱区马铃薯适播期的影响

以气候变暖为主要特征的气候变化对马铃薯物候期、生长发育及产量都产生很大影响,研究马铃薯生长季热量资源和适播期变化特征,对调整品种布局和合理利用气候资源具有重要意义。利用1981—2016年晋北地区地面气象观测站和农业气象观测站资料,通过趋势分析和相关分析,研究晋北马铃薯气候资源变化特征及对马铃薯产量的影响;基于积温稳定性原理,建立气象产量预测模型,得出最高气象产量对应的适播期,并分析适播期的年代变化特征。结果表明,晋北马铃薯生长季气温以0.32℃·10a^-1速率呈升温趋势,≥5℃积温以47.0℃·d·10a^-1速率呈增加趋势。气候变暖背景下对晋北马铃薯产量影响显著的气候因子主要是出苗～分枝期的平均气温,全生育期的积温、日照时数、需水量,出苗～分枝期、花序形成～可收期及全生育期的最高气温≥30℃的日数。气温和日照基本为负效应,降水在营养生长期为负效应,生殖生长期为正效应。晋北马铃薯适播期随着气候变暖有提前的趋势,20世纪80年代适播期在5月上旬末至5月中旬,90年代适播期在5月上旬,21世纪最初10 a适播期在4月下旬至5月上旬初,2010年以...