Storage of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]: Comparison of Sterile and Fertile Lines

The accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) represents an intermediate reserve pool for grain filling as well as an irreversible storage up to maturity. In order to study the effect of Sterility on soluble sugar accumulation in vegetative parts, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sweet sorghum were compared with their corresponding fertile mamtainers for non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in shoots. Plants were harvested at four different physiological stages. The lines showed significant differences in the yield of non-structural carbohydrates. At maturity, the yields of soluble carbohydrates from vegetative parts of the two sterile lines were 93 % and 43 % higher than the yield of the two corresponding fertile lines. At that stage, sucrose represented about 80 % of total soluble carbohydrates and the higher yield of soluble carbohydrates of sterile lines was mainly due to the higher yield of sucrose. This indicates that the yield of extractable carbohydrates, especially sucrose, in vegetative parts of sweet sorghum could be considerably improved by using sterile lines which are utilized in hybrid production.     

高粱花生间作对不同单行作物根系性状及土壤微生物的影响

以高粱品种辽粘3号和花生品种阜花18号为材料,设置高粱单作（S）、花生单作（P）和高粱花生间作（行比4∶4）3个处理,研究高粱花生间作模式土壤微生物群落组成及结构特征差异。间作处理取样位置为相邻行和间隔行,高粱和花生分别命名为S1、S2和P1、P2。结果表明：相同种植面积时,间作高粱产量显著高于单作,间作高粱产量增加36.14%,间作花生产量较单作下降12.86%,高粱花生间作土地当量比提高12.0%;与单作相比,间作高粱S1根长、根体积、根表面积和根系活跃吸收面积分别增加28.01%、12.86%、18.53%和18.42%,间作花生P2分别增加39.87%、66.67%、47.94%和21.43%;高粱根际土壤微生物共检测到种群2 825个,花生2 826个;丰富度指数中,高粱间作处理Chao1值显著高于单作,S1和S2分别增加8.10%和8.23%,花生P2和P1分别增加7.70%和4.23%,高粱花生间作处理微生物数目（Observed OTUs）均显著高于单作;多样性指数中,花生P2的Shannon指数增加了27.60%,间作高粱S1和S2的Simposon指数均显著高于高粱单作;各处理共有优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,同时优势菌门与根系性状间均存在显著正相关关系。主成分分析（PCA）和冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,土壤微生物群落结构受根长、根体积、根表面积影响,间作模式土壤微生物功能特征高于单作模式。高粱花生间作（行比4∶4）时高粱为优势作物,花生为弱势作物。间作体系显著改善高粱相邻行根系生长发育,同时提高土壤微生物群落功能特征。     

微生物菌剂对土壤酶活性及高粱生长的影响

为揭示微生物菌肥施用对盐碱地的改良效果,将有机废弃物资源有效再利用,研究微生物菌剂对高粱不同生育期土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性的变化及对高粱生长的影响.结果表明:施用微生物菌肥的各处理均能提高土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶的活性,以T5、T6对脲酶的影响最大.在高粱生长苗期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期土壤中的脲酶活性较高,分别为1.441、...     

几种高粱属饲料作物的栽培利用试验

以11种高粱属（Sorghum）饲料作物为研究对象,通过栽培试验,对其物候期、鲜草产量、干草产量、种子产量及营养成分进行了分析．结果表明,在黄土高原山坡旱地,最适宜栽培利用的是饲用高粱（Sorghum bicolor L Moench．）,其次为甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor L．Mocnch var．sucharafum Kouern）和高丹草（Sorghum bilor L．Mocnch var．Sorghum subanense（Piper）Stapf）;最好的品种是酒引1号,其次为德瑞、丽欧和瑞奥3号．     

自然生长状态下贮藏甜高粱的研究

以晋甜2号为材料,对自然生长状态下贮藏甜高粱进行研究。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,甜高粱茎杆重量、出汁率和总糖量逐步下降,茎汁含糖量逐步增加,气候因素对甜高粱田间自然贮藏的影响极大。在我国北方,如果秋末冬初,气温快速下降至枯霜冻,甜高粱茎秆可以在田间自然冷冻贮藏,直到来年2月上旬平均气温回升到0℃以上为止。在此期间,加工企业可随加工进度,到田间按需收割,从而减少贮藏空间和成本。     

不同播期对高梁子粒淀粉含量的影响

以铁杂17号高粱为试验材料,研究了不同播期对高粱子粒淀粉含量的影响.结果表明:高粱子粒总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量和支链/直链淀粉比值随子粒灌浆过程推进均呈不断上升趋势,至成熟期达到最大值.其中,Ⅳ播期总淀粉、支链淀粉含量和支链/直链淀粉比值最高,为76.9%,69.1%和8.77;Ⅲ播期直链淀粉含量最高,为8.49%.适时晚播(沈阳地区在5月10～20日)可提高高粱子粒总淀粉、支链淀粉含量和支链/直链淀粉比值.改善占占质.高粱灌浆期气候因子的温度指标对淀粉积累具有重要影响,灌浆期间适宜淀粉积累的日平均温度为19.5～20.5℃.     

高粱炭疽病研究进展

高粱作为中国主要的酿造原料之一,在国民经济发展中占据重要地位。高粱炭疽病是高粱的主要病害之一,在整个生育期中均可发病,且在温暖湿润的热带和亚热带栽种地区更易发生和流行,不仅影响植株的正常生长,严重时会引起产量的大幅下降和籽粒品质的劣变。多年来,高粱病理学家和育种家对高粱炭疽病病原菌菌株分离、病害发生流行规律、发生原因、寄主抗性利用和抗炭疽病基因定位等方面进行了广泛的研究,取得了一些进展。这些研究为炭疽病的生化防控以及培育抗炭疽病品种奠定了基础。开展高粱炭疽病研究,发掘更丰富多样的优异抗性种质资源,减少农药使用,不仅可以满足中国高粱产业对天然有机高粱原料的巨大需求,还可以推动高粱生产向高产优质转变。对高粱炭疽病的分布和发病症状、炭疽病病原菌侵染机理、病害发生流行规律及流行原因、抗性资源鉴定和高粱抗炭疽病基因定位的相关研究进展进行了综合分析和论述,以期从分子水平上更好地认识高粱与炭疽病病原菌之间的相互作用,为高粱炭疽病研究提供参考。     

瘤胃液对全株甜高粱青贮质量的影响

甜高粱是一种重要的能源作物,为实现长时间贮存并提升糖化效率,该研究分析了瘤胃液不同添加量对全株甜高粱青贮品质和酶解糖化效果的影响.设置R1、R3、R5和R7共4个瘤胃液处理组(添加量依序分别为1、3、5和7 mL/100 g原料)和1个对照组(CK,等量蒸馏水),考察了瘤胃液不同添加量对全株甜高粱青贮过程中有机组分、发...     

Nutritive value of sorghum silage for sheep

This study compared ensiled sorghum (ES) from two varieties (first and second cuts) with corn silage (CS) for chemical analysis, total-tract nutrient digestibility, ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites in sheep. Five experimental silages representing first cut ES var. Pegah (PS1), second cut ES var. Pegah (PS2), first cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS1), second cut ES var. Speedfeed (SS2) and CS were assessed for chemical analysis, silage fermentation and anti-quality compounds. Diets consisted of lucerne hay, silage and a premix (at the ratio of 53.5:46:0.5 on a dry matter [DM] basis). Feed consumption, total-tract nutrient digestibility, microbial nitrogen supply (MNS), ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites were determined in a Latin square design of five periods with five male sheep. Compared to sorghum, CS had lower (p < 0.01) concentrations of ash, water-soluble carbohydrates and crude protein, but higher starch, lignin (sa), non-structural carbohydrates and apparent nutrient digestibility. The measurements of pH, lactic acid, NH₃-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) confirmed that all silages were well-preserved. The anti-quality compound levels in the silages were below the safe limits for ruminants. No differences were observed in feed consumption (p > 0.05) and total-tract digestibility of DM and nutrients (p > 0.05). Rumen pH, NH₃-N, VFA concentrations and acetate to propionate ratio showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Sheep fed on sorghum silage showed a decrease (p < 0.01) in total protozoa, and particularly in the Entodiniae population. There were no differences in cellulolytic bacteria counts (p > 0.05) among treatments. Urinary N, MNS and blood biochemistry metabolites showed no difference among treatments (p > 0.05). Silages from both cuts of sorghum had comparable total-tract nutrient digestibility to CS, therefore, these varieties could be used as a more drought resilient silage source in the feeding of sheep.     

秸秆过滤养猪废水UASB厌氧发酵及微生物群落分析

养猪废水成分复杂,所含悬浮性固体对其生物发酵过程影响显著;利用经过粉碎压实后的玉米秸秆对养猪废水进行负压抽滤,吸附截留废水中的悬浮性固体。再利用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB,up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket）反应器对过滤后的养猪废水进厌氧发酵,探究发酵过程中随着有机负荷的增加,化学需氧量（COD,chemical oxygen demand）去除率、pH值、产气量的变化规律,并采用高通量测序技术分析最优负荷时厌氧消化污泥中的细菌与古菌群落组成。过滤试验表明,在过滤压差为40kPa、滤层厚度为15cm、滤料压实度为1.6倍密度（148.8kg/m³）时有较好的过滤效果,此时总固体（TS,total solid）、挥发性固体（VS,volatile solid）、COD的去除率分别为33.08%、28.05%、23.01%。厌氧发酵试验结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃时反应器稳定运行的最高负荷为11 kg/(m³·d);反应器处理效果最优的负荷为10 kg/(m³·d）,此时进水COD浓度为5 000 mg/L、COD去除率为76.46%、容积产气率为1.51m³/(m³·d)。高通量测序结果表明,厌氧发酵过程由多种微生物菌群协同作用,主要的细菌群类是Firmicutes、Bacteroidota,主要古菌群类为Halobacterota,且高效产甲烷菌分布丰富。试验结果为利用作物秸秆过滤养猪废水进行以废治废的技术应用提供了依据。