硝酸银在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用

以籼稻、粳稻两种类型的成熟种子为外植体研究了不同浓度的AgNO3在水稻农杆菌转化中的作用。结果表明，在农杆菌转化前添加AgNO3可以提高愈伤组织诱导率，最适浓度为8～10mg／L，但对愈伤组织的分化没有明显促进作用；转化后添加低浓度的AgNO3可以减轻愈伤组织的褐化，提高抗性愈伤率和绿苗分化率，最适浓度为2-8mg／L。同时发现，无论是转化前还是转化后，添加高浓度的AgNO3对水稻愈伤组织的分化均具有毒害作用。     

Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay

The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes , determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani , infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils.     

Faecal virome of red foxes from peri-urban areas

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most abundant carnivore species in the Northern Hemisphere. Since their populations are well established in peri-urban and urban areas, they represent a potential reservoir of viruses that transmit from wildlife to humans or domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated the faecal virome of juvenile and adult foxes from peri-urban areas in central Croatia. The dominating mammalian viruses were fox picobirnavirus and parvovirus. The highest number of viral reads (N = 1412) was attributed to a new fox circovirus and complete viral genome was de novo assembled from the high-throughput sequencing data. Fox circovirus is highly similar to dog circoviruses identified in diseased dogs in USA and Italy, and to a recently discovered circovirus of foxes with neurologic disease from the United Kingdom. Our fox picobirnavirus was more closely related to the porcine and human picobirnaviruses than to known fox picobirnaviruses.     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

盐胁迫对向日葵幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以银叶向日葵ARG1807（Wt）为供试材料,陕葵2号的保持系（HA）和恢复系（HL）为对照材料,利用250 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫处理7 d,分析供试材料与对照材料盐胁迫前后的形态变化以及叶片中的叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量及SOD活性等生理指标差异,探究银叶向日葵耐盐的形态和生理基础。结果表明：（1）Wt的株高、叶面积增量以及根、茎、叶生物量分别比未进行NaCl胁迫处理植株（对照,CK）减少24.53%、38.21%、2.59%、5.50%、3.42%,其变化幅度小于HA和HL。(2) 在盐胁迫处理下,各向日葵品种的胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）均显著下降,而气孔限制值（Ls）显著上升,说明HA、HL与Wt净光合速率降低主要是由于气孔因素。（3）在盐胁迫下,3个向日葵品种叶片的脯氨酸含量（Pro）、丙二醛含量（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性以及过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）均发生了显著变化,其中,Wt的脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性以及CAT活性分别比CK增加279.94%、65.09%、211.11%和55.91%,高于HA 和HL,而MDA含量比CK增加231.10%,低于HA。（4）随着时间的推移,3个向日葵品种叶片失水速率均显著上升,其中,Wt的失水速率一直低于HA、HL。在失水150 min时,HA失水速率最高,达84%,Wt叶片失水最慢,失水速率为69%,说明Wt在保水能力方面具有显著优势。（5）观察向日葵叶片表型发现：Wt的叶片表皮毛长度长,密度明显多于HA和HL,推测这可能是Wt保水性强于HA和HL的原因。分析表明：在盐逆境下,形态指标和生理指标,均为银叶向日葵表现最佳,优势突出,表明其在盐逆境下具有更强的适应能力。     

小鼠单个冷冻胚胎银染mRNA差异显示方法的建立

为建立单个冷冻胚胎银染mRNA差异显示方法,用小鼠单个4C鲜胚和冻胚RT—PCR产物,验证了冻胚和鲜胚实验结果的一致性。并从小鼠4C和8C冻胚的银染聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中回收了8C期的特异条带,通过再扩增、同收、克隆及酶切鉴定,克隆到了小鼠8C期胚胎差异表达的小鼠RP23—20A6基因。结果表明,所研究建立的单个冻胚银染mRNA差异显示方法具有可行性和有效性,可以用于动物早期胚胎基因表达的研究。     

鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。     

狐传染性脑炎活疫苗抗体消长规律的研究

应用血清中和试验和血凝抑制试验对狐传染性脑炎活疫苗免疫狐进行抗体水平动态监测,结果表明,疫苗接种14 d抗体达到保护,21~30 d抗体水平达到高峰;免疫240 d抗体仍在保护值以上。对SN抗体和HI抗体进行动态分析表明,两者呈正相关,均可用于狐传染性脑炎活疫苗免疫效力监测。     

二十碳五烯酸甲酯标准样品的研制

以深海鱼油为基础原料,将其皂化水解为游离脂肪酸,经尿素—甲醇包合粗分离后,以硫酸—甲醇甲酯化,再经硝酸银—硅胶柱层析精分离,得到高纯度的二十碳五烯酸甲酯标准物质。经定值检测,确定其化合物纯度≥98%。     

太湖人工放流鲢、鳙效果的研究

本文分析了1992年和1993年度太湖人工放流鲢、鳙以后的捕捞产量、生长速度和肥满度等指标。1992年太湖鲢、鳙鱼种的放流量为923×104尾，252．16t．该年鲢、鳙捕捞产量为1379．71t，占全湖捕捞总产量的9．99％。1993年2种鱼的放流量增加为1132×104尾，354．24t，捕捞产量上升为1670．10t，占全湖捕捞总产量的11．87％。1984年以来，十年间放流鲢、鳙鱼的年平均产量达1450．8t，已接近五十年代鲢、鳙天然资源渔产量的最高记录。表明太湖人工放流鲢、鳙取得了明显的效果，对稳定和提高太湖鱼产量有积极作用，在调整和改善太湖水产资源的合理结构方面也有积极的意义。根据太湖的环境条件、浮游生物的丰盛程度和鲢、鳙的生长速度和肥满度等指标的分析，认为鲢、鳙还有增产的潜力，还可适当增加放流量。