Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public shelters in Serbia

Data on endoparasitic infections in dogs from dog shelters in Southeastern Europe are limited; thus, this study aimed to add to the existing knowledge on this topic by reporting on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from public dog shelters in the Republic of Serbia. In 2017 and 2018, individual and pooled fecal samples, were collected from 1267 dogs from six shelters. All samples were qualitatively examined for parasites using flotation tests. Seven taxa of intestinal parasites were identified: Cystoisospora spp., ascarids: Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, hookworms, Trichuris vulpis, taeniids and Dipylidium caninum. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 58. 3 % (78. 1 % in young dogs and 53.1 % in adult dogs). The parasites detected in both young (<1 year old) and adult dogs (>1 year old) were Cystoisospora spp. (20 % and 4.9 %), T. canis (33.5 % and 14.7 %), T. leonina (7.7 % and 2.3 %), and hookworms (16.9 % and 15 %), respectively. However, T. vulpis (9.6 %), taeniids (1.3 %), and D. caninum (5.4 %) were detected only in adult dogs. In the Belgrade shelter, young dogs had a higher prevalence of endoparasitic infections (18.9 %, 49/260) than adult dogs (14.8 %, 149/1007). In the Subotica, Jagodina and Niš shelters, young dogs had significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) prevalence of endoparasitic infections (10 %, 12.3 % and 14.6 %) than adult dogs (5.3 %, 8 % and 7.2 %). These results will be useful for establishing health care programs in dog shelters and implementing effective strategies for the control of intestinal parasites.     

Improved milk production through PG–PL system by provision of in‐house shelter management in lactating Murrah buffaloes during winter season

Comprehensive information on the role of β‐casein and plasminogen–plasmin (PG–PL) system in milk secretion of Murrah buffaloes during winter season is lacking, although effects of cold stress can be ameliorated to an extent by altering microclimate at farm level. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the changes in productivity along with PG–PL system of milk, plasma hormones and metabolites of buffaloes during winter (December–January) season under two different management systems. Average minimum temperature and wind chill index during this season were 7.02 and 12.74 °C respectively. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals were placed in‐house with floor bedding of paddy straw and the control group animals in loose housing system without straw bedding. Physiological responses were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for six‐week experimental period. Under in‐house management system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as respiration rate and pulse rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as compared to the control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 9.92% (p < 0.05). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (10.6 vs. 8.05 μg/ml; p < 0.01) and β‐casein (p < 0.05), and lower plasmin level (0.299 vs. 0.321 μg/ml; p < 0.05) in buffaloes under treatment group. It was also found that plasma cortisol, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.01) in control group as compared to the treatment animals by 13.6%, 8.14% and 12.6% respectively. However, milk composition, growth hormone, epinephrine and norepinephrine level in plasma were similar in both the groups. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of in‐house shelter management with floor bedding of paddy straw during winter was effective to minimize environmental stress and improved milk production through manipulation of PG–PL system in buffaloes.     

绥化市秦家镇农田防护林网络架构及生态农业效益分析

对松嫩平原上一典型土地开发整理项目区深入调查研究基础上,在人均土地面积较少的农村,构建出由农田防护林、水利排灌、道路、农田4项网络构成的高效农田防护林复合经营与多样型林带乔、灌立体混交经营模式,实现了林带由单一结构向多层次的立体结构转移,架构了生态立体农业体系,旨为重新调整土地利用结构,实现山、水、田、林、路的全面治理提供依据。     

福建海岛植被面临的问题及保护开发策略研究

整理福建省4个有居民海岛和13个无居民海岛的植被现状,从地理环境影响和人为活动影响两方面综述福建海岛植被变化及面临的问题,包括土地风沙化严重,防护林效能衰退,园林植物生长遭受威胁,自然灾害破坏植物生境,以及海岛城市扩张,外来植物入侵威胁等。提出提高生态保护意识,推进海岛植被修复工作,发展生态旅游业,改善海岛防护林体系等福建海岛植被资源保护与开发策略。     

广东省第三期沿海防护林体系建设

分析广东省沿海防护林体系建设历程及第三期建设的必要性,其体系由沿海基干林带和纵深防护林构成,基干林带是沿海防护林体系的主体,建设类型包括红树林恢复造林、基干林带人工造林、灾损基干林带修复和老化基干林带更新、困难立地造林和退塘造林;纵深防护林对进一步防御和减轻登陆台风、台风引起的暴雨和泥石流等危害具重要作用,建设类型包括...     

137Cs和210Pbex双核素示踪"三北"防护林区退耕前后坡地土壤侵蚀变化

为查明"三北"防护林建设前后农耕地和退耕地土壤保持效益变化，利用137Cs和210Pbex双核素示踪技术，选择了防护林建设较为成功的张家口坝上地区（风力侵蚀区）作为典型区，研究了农耕地以及退耕地土壤137Cs和210Pbex的剖面变化规律及其示踪的土壤侵蚀变化。结果表明：1）由于耕作的混匀作用，农耕地土壤剖面中137Cs和210Pbex均呈均匀态分布；退耕地土壤剖面中137Cs和210Pbex则表现为表层（0～5cm）浓度最高、下层（5～25cm）浓度均相对较低且分布相对均匀的形态，这表明退耕后坡地土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面形态均会发生一定变化，退耕驱动土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面变化导致运用土壤核素估算侵蚀模型在该区域难以适用；2）基于土壤137Cs和210Pbex剖面变化规律，利用210Pbex质量平衡方程，提出了退耕地土壤210Pbex土壤侵蚀估算模型；3）利用137Cs比例模型估算退耕地土壤侵蚀速率为27.94±11.92 (t/hm2·a)，农耕地侵蚀速率为29.11±14.42 (t/hm2·a)，而利用修正后的210Pbex转换模型估算得到"三北"防护林区退耕地造林前平均侵蚀速率为82.16±14.36 (t/hm2·a)，造林后平均侵蚀速率为-41.28±33.91 (t/hm2·a)；农耕地造林前平均侵蚀速率为68.55±22.11 (t/hm2·a)，造林后平均侵蚀速率-8.52±47.32 (t/hm2·a)。这表明137Cs示踪技术主要表征了1963年以来该区坡地土壤侵蚀和沉积的平均结果，而210Pbex示踪技术则可以较好地示踪防护林建成前后的土壤侵蚀变化。此外，研究结果也表明，相比于"三北"防护林建成之前，建成之后该区农耕地和退耕地的土壤侵蚀速率均呈显著下降趋势，且均由前期的风沙侵蚀转变成了风沙沉积。     

冀西北坝上地区退化防护林的土壤性质

为了解冀西北坝上防护林退化与土壤性质的关系,以河北省张北坝上地区杨树防护林为研究对象,比较了不同退化程度杨树防护林的土壤养分和土壤硬度。研究结果表明:1随林分退化程度的增加,土壤硬度和出现钙积层的概率均有增加的趋势。2除速效钾表现出明显差异外,不同退化程度防护林土壤有机质、全磷、速效磷、全氮、碱解氮、全钾含量无明显差异。3张北坝上地区土壤养分含量总体处于较低水平。根据全国第2次土壤普查养分分级标准,其有机质为4级,磷素和氮素为6级,钾素为5级。4土壤有机质含量与全氮、碱解氮、全钾、速效钾、全磷和速效磷含量呈显著或极显著正相关关系,全氮与碱解氮、全钾与速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系,全磷与速效磷含量没有明显的相关关系。尽管张北坝上的地区土壤养分含量普遍较低,但防护林退化程度与多数土壤养分含量没有明显的相关关系,而与土壤硬度的高低及钙积层的有无具有一定的相关性。     

建溪流域常绿阔叶防护林优势树种生态相似关系研究——Ⅰ.主要乔木种群生态相似关系研究

对建溪流域常绿阔叶防护林群落的３０个主要优势乔木种群进行生态相似关系的研究。结果表明：组成建溪流域常绿阔叶防护林的乔木种群大部分为狭生态位,对资源的共享性不明显。种群之间的生态相似性比例和生态位重叠指数指标值反映了亚热带常绿阔叶林的生态特征。     

避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响

[目的]分析避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温度、湿度及果实品质的影响,为我国南方多雨地区开展芒果避雨栽培提供理论依据.[方法]搭建简易大棚,对3年生台农一号芒从开花前期至采果结束进行全程避雨栽培,以露地栽培为对照(CK),观测棚内外温度和湿度的日变化情况,测定分析芒果采后相关生理指标及病害发生情况.[结果]避雨栽培模式下,芒果冠层日均温度比露地提高0.7℃,日均相对湿度较露地降低6.0%.避雨栽培模式下果实外表光洁,平均单果重比露地栽培提高14.00 g,采后病害发生率较露地降低33.5%(绝对值,下同).果实品质分析结果显示,避雨栽培模式下芒果的可滴定酸含量较露地降低0.012 mg/100 gFW,维生素C(Vc)含量提高0.01 mg/100 gFW,可溶性固形物含量升高1.20%.[结论]避雨栽培可有效提高大棚内台农一号芒果树冠层温度、降低湿度,有利于降低芒果果实采后贮存期的病害发生程度,提高果实品质,适合在我国南方多雨的芒果种植区推广应用.