Effects of different dl‐selenomethionine and sodium selenite levels on growth performance,immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers

This trial was conducted in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different dl ‐selenomethionine (dl ‐Se‐Met) and sodium selenite (SS) levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers. A total of 840 Ross 308 broilers (7 days old) were allocated by body weight to seven treatments (three replicates of 40 birds each treatment) including (1) basal diet (containing 0.04 mg of selenium (Se)/kg; control) without supplementary Se; (2, 3 and 4) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as SS; (5, 6 and 7) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as dl ‐Se‐Met. The experiment lasted 42 days. The results revealed that dietary Se supplementation improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, immune organ index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and triiodothyronine (T₃) concentrations and decreased (p < 0.01) thyroxine (T₄)/T₃ ratio in serum compared with the control. Broilers receiving the dl ‐Se‐Met‐supplemented diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, thymus index, the amounts of IgA, IgG, IgM and T₃ as well as lower (p < 0.05) serum T₄ concentrations and T₄/T₃ ratio than those consuming the SS‐supplemented diets. Serum IgA and IgM levels of broilers fed 0.15 mg Se/kg were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of broilers fed 0.05 or 0.25 mg Se/kg. In summary, we concluded that dl ‐Se‐Met is more effective than SS in increasing immunity and promoting conversion of T₄ to T₃, thus providing an effective way to improve the growth performance of broilers. Besides, based on a consideration of all experiment indices, 0.15 mg Se/kg was suggested to be the optimal level of Se supplementation under the conditions of this study.     

硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪血浆和组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】研究探讨硒代蛋氨酸对肥育猪血浆和组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】选用64头体重约60kg的杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复。饲粮硒添加水平分别为0(对照组)、0.15mg·kg-1(硒代蛋氨酸)、0.30mg·kg-1(硒代蛋氨酸)、0.30mg·kg-1(亚硒酸钠)。饲养至95kg左右结束试验。【结果】(1)添加硒组血浆、肝脏和背最长肌硒含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),高水平硒代蛋氨酸硒组显著高于其它两个添加硒组(P0.05)。(2)饲粮添加硒代蛋氨酸提高了肥育猪血浆GSH-Px、CAT活性和T-AOC,降低了MDA含量(P0.05)。同时,硒代蛋氨酸组SOD活性和低水平硒代蛋氨酸组CAT活性显著高于亚硒酸钠组。硒代蛋氨酸或亚硒酸钠提高了肥育猪背最长肌宰后45minGSH-Px活性,降低羰基蛋白质含量(P0.05)。硒代蛋氨酸可降低宰后各时间点背最长肌MDA含量,宰后45min和72h也低于亚硒酸钠组(P0.05)。(3)硒处理组背最长肌GSH-Px基因相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05),低水平硒代蛋氨酸硒组SelW基因相对表达量显著高于对照组和高水平亚硒酸钠硒组(P0.05)。【结论】硒代蛋氨酸在血浆和组织中硒沉积率较高,抗氧化作用较强。     

硒对脂多糖诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

本试验旨在研究硒(Se)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMEC)氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制。将贴壁生长的第3代BMEC随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复1个培养孔。对照(CON)组采用基础培养液,不添加Se和LPS,培养30h;LPS组和6个Se保护组在基础培养液中分别添加不同水平的Se(0、10、20、50、100、150和200nmol/L),培养24h后,加入1μg/mL LPS作为外源刺激作用6h。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,LPS组BMEC的相对增殖率显著下降(P0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著下降(P0.05),GPx1和TrxR1的基因和蛋白表达量、硒蛋白P(SelP)含量也显著下调(P0.05);而LPS组的一氧化氮(NO)含量,诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性及其基因和蛋白表达量,炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1)和白介素-6(IL-6)含量及其基因表达量,活性氧(ROS)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著升高(P0.05),丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路相关因子p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)的基因表达量呈相似变化。2)与LPS组相比,Se保护组随Se添加水平的增加,相对增殖率,T-SOD、CAT、GPx、TrxR活性,T-AOC,GPx1、TrxR1基因和蛋白表达量均呈先升高后下降趋势;而NO含量,iNOS活性及其基因和蛋白表达量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量及其基因表达量,MAPK信号通路相关因子ERK1/2、JNK、p38 MAPK的基因表达量,ROS活性,MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势;以20~100nmol/L Se保护效果较好,综合来看50nmol/L Se保护效果最好。结果提示,Se可提高BMEC的抗氧化功能,对LPS引起的细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用,其机制是Se增强TrxR活性从而抑制MAPK信号通路的激活,最终减少NO的大量释放,但过高水平的Se会对细胞造成损伤。培养液中20~100nmol/L Se的保护作用较好,尤其以50nmol/L Se效果最好。     

Effects of different dietary selenium sources (sodium selenite,selenomethionine and nanoselenium) on growth performance,muscle composition,blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on growth, muscle Se concentration, muscle proximate composition, blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Organic Se (selenomethionine, SeMet), inorganic Se (sodium selenite, Na₂SeO₃), or nanoselenium were each added to the basal diet at 0.7 mg Se kg^?1 diet. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 9.69 ± 0.12 g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Nano‐Se diet resulted in better growth performance (P < 0.05). Fish fed with Se‐supplemented diets showed a higher (P < 0.05) Se content in the muscle and liver tissues. Fish fed nano‐Se had the highest liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano‐Se diets as compared to control. The carp fed on nano‐Se diet had the lowest values of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano‐Se diets. This study shows that nano‐Se acts more efficiently on growth performance and antioxidant defence system of common carp than organic and inorganic sources of Se.     

硒肥对谷子产量因子及其籽粒富硒效果的影响

为了指导富硒谷子生产中硒肥的合理使用,探究硒肥对谷子生长及其籽粒硒吸收的影响,对谷子叶面喷施不同浓度(15、30、60、120g·hm-2)的有机硒肥(生物富硒增效剂)和无机硒肥(亚硒酸钠),分析不同硒肥对谷子穗部性状、籽粒硒含量、硒存在形态及叶黄素含量的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施两种硒肥均可增加谷子的出谷率和籽粒硒含量...     

饲料中添加蛋氨酸硒对仿刺参幼参存活、生长及免疫指标的影响

在水温为14.0～8.0℃、盐度为31～32和pH为7.5的条件下,将初始体质量为1.30～1.68 g的仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参饲养在塑料水槽（40 L）中,投喂蛋氨酸硒添加量分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/kg的饲料60 d,每种饲料设3个重复,每个重复组放15头仿刺参。试验结束后饥饿24h,测定仿刺参体质量的特定生长率（SGR）,体腔液中过氧化氢酶（SOD）、超氧化物歧化酶（CAT）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力,体壁干物质和肠干物质中硒的含量。结果表明：各组仿刺参的成活率为100%;当蛋氨酸硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg时,仿刺参幼参的SGR最大,且显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,当硒添加量为1.0 mg/kg时,仿刺参幼参的SGR值最小;当硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg时,仿刺参对饲料干物质和粗蛋白的表观消化率最高,且显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;各试验组仿刺参体壁干物质中蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,且当硒添加量为0.4 mg/kg时,蛋白质含量最高;当硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg时,幼参肠中的硒含量最高,且显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,但当硒添加量为0.4 mg/kg时,幼参体壁中的硒含量最高,其次为0.6 mg/kg硒组;除硒添加量为1.0 mg/kg外,各试验组仿刺参体腔液中的SOD、CAT值均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,添加量分别为0.8 mg/kg和0.4 mg/kg时达到最高,其次是0.6 mg/kg组;各试验组仿刺参ACP的活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,硒添加量为0.4 mg/kg时达到最高。研究表明,仿刺参幼参饲料中蛋氨酸硒的适宜添加量为0.4～0.6 mg/kg。     

The Biological Function of Selenomethionine and Its Application in Pigs Production

As an essential nutrient,selenium plays important role in antioxidation,immunity and antitumor.Selenium deficiency in the body can cause diseases such as skeletal muscle degeneration or necrosis,liver necrosis and myocardial fibrosis.Therefore,it has been paid more and more attention in human and animal nutrition.As a kind of organic selenium,selenomethionine (Se-Met) has higher bioavailability and lower toxicity than sodium selenite,and it is an effective organic selenium source to replace inorganic selenium.In response to the current demand for selenium sources in animal production,this article takes Se-Met as the research object,introduces the absorption and metabolism mechanism of Se-Met in the body,and on this basis,makes a comparative analysis with inorganic selenium,highlighting the advantages of Se-Met as an organic selenium supplement.The function and mechanism of Se-Met in the body's antioxidation,immunity and antitumor,and the effect of its application in animal production are briefly described.The application status of Se-Met in pig production is explained,and through the analysis of growth indicators such as daily weight gain,daily feed intake,and feed-to-weight ratio,as well as meat quality indicators such as pH,drip loss,selenium deposition,and meat color of pork,the possibility of Se-Met being widely used in animal production is further determined.This article aims to provide practical reference and theoretical basis for the widespread replacement of inorganic selenium by organic selenium such as Se-Met in animal nutrition in the future,and provide references for subsequent scientific research.     

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) biofortification with selenium: How do sulphate and phosphate influence the efficiency of selenate application into soil?

ABSTRACT

The connection between sulphur (S) and selenium (Se) metabolism makes rapeseed (Brassica napus) an attractive candidate for Se fortification. Unfortunately, fertilizers may interfere with the availability of selenate (SeO₄^2-) in numerous ways, including both soil and physiological processes. Experiments on two agricultural soils amended with SeO₄^2- (32 μg Se kg^?1 soil), sulphate and phosphate (each at three levels of supply) were established to elucidate the effect of these anions on the selenization efficiency. Maximal efficiency in Chernozem soil was roughly two-fold higher (455 μg Se kg^?1 seed) than in Cambisol. Sulphate significantly decreased (up to 28%) the seed Se contents in Cambisol, while an enhancement (up to 33%) was found in Chernozem. In the Chernozem, the induction of collective S and Se translocation toward the seed more than compensated for any competition effects due to the highest sulphate supply. In Cambisol, plant Se distribution did not follow that of S as closely as in Chernozem. Phosphate did not significantly alter the fortification efficiency. Resistance of rapeseed proteins to protease hampered a quantitative investigation of changes in Se speciation under different S supplies. Nevertheless, protein-bound selenomethionine was the predominant Se storage form and traces of other Se species were also identified.     

有机硒在猪营养中的研究进展

硒为动物必需微量元素,缺乏和过量对机体都可产生不利影响,甚至死亡。硒的形式多种多样,其中有机硒具有诸多优点,成为近年来硒研究的热点。本文重点综述有机硒在猪体内的代谢和对母猪、公猪繁殖性能、生长育肥猪生产性能及肉质品质的影响。     

硒蛋氨酸对猪细小病毒体外增殖的抑制作用

以PK15细胞为模型,研究不同浓度的硒蛋氨酸对猪细小病毒(PPV)体外复制的抑制作用。结果表明,在2～8μmol·L-1范围内,硒蛋氨酸对细胞生长没有影响,但对猪PPV的体外复制呈现显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),且随着浓度的增加其抑制作用增强。还原型谷胱甘肽和甘露醇均有增强硒蛋氨酸的抑制病毒复制作用,两者同时添加时,其作用更明显。