陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境定量评价——以榆林、延安两市为例

位于黄土高原中部的陕甘宁老区生态环境极为脆弱 ,近年来由于气候、人类开发资源等自然和人为原因 ,使生态环境的脆弱程度升高。选定年降水量、年均温、蒸发量等 8个指标 ,定量评价各县 1 970 - 2 0 0 0年的脆弱度状况 ,结果表明榆林、延安两市生态环境整体脆弱 ,脆弱度存在空间差异但差异不明显 ,时间段上的波动幅度不大。陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境具有不稳定性 ,对外界干扰较敏感。     

富铁酵母对家兔红细胞免疫功能的影响

为探讨富铁酵母对家兔红细胞免疫功能的影响,将32只家免随机分成富铁酵母高、低剂量组,FeSO4组及空白对照组,分别灌服富铁酵母(Fe元素8 mg/kg、4 mg/kg)、FeSO4(Fe元素4 mg/kg)及空白生理盐水;连续5 d后,检测红细胞C3g受体花环率和复合物(IC)花环率.结果:富铁酵母较FeSO4及空白组能显著提高红细胞C3h受体花环和红细胞复合物(IC)花环的百分率,但高、低剂量间无显著性差异.结论:富铁酵母能显著提高红细胞免疫功能.     

Transgenic expression of a sorghum gene (SbLRR2) encoding a simple extracellular leucine-rich protein enhances resistance against necrotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis

Plant leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing proteins are known to play important roles in signaling transduction and defense responses. In sorghum, SbLRR2 is pathogen-inducible gene encoding a simple extracellular LRR protein. Here, we demonstrated an earlier and stronger expression of SbLRR2 in a sorghum resistant genotype in comparison to a susceptible genotype following inoculation with the anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum sublineolum). In addition, SbLRR2 expression was found to be induced strongly by methyl-jasmonate treatment. Functional analysis was performed in SbLRR2 over-expression (OE) Arabidopsis plants, which showed enhanced resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. In addition, the OE lines were found to have elevated expression of several jasmonate acid (JA)-associated genes and higher endogenous JA contents. Hence, the SbLRR2-mediated defense responses in transgenic Arabidopsis are likely to be dependent on JA-signaling through increased JA production. On the other hand, the OE lines remained susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato like the wild type plants. Consistently, there was no up-regulation of salicylic acid (SA) defense marker gene expression or SA levels in the OE lines. Our results suggested that SbLRR2 is potentially useful for enhancing resistance against necrotrophic pathogens in transgenic dicot crops.     

培育富硒产业团体标准的探讨

介绍了富硒产业的发展趋势、标准化对产业的影响,分析了培育和发展团体标准对促进富硒产业发展的积极意义,探讨了发展富硒产业团体标准的有利条件,并提出了开展团体化标准工作的建议。     

Synthetic Application for Analysis Methods of the Planar Mechanism Overconstraints

Overconstraints exist widely in planar closed chain mechanisms and mechanical systems result in a series of detrimental influences on behavior of machines, and attention is given to them by machine designer. Some analysis methods of overconstraints in planar closed chain mechanisms are presented, and more study due to the faultiness of these methods. In accordance with faultiness of two common kind of methods, formulas method and loop analysis method of degrees of freedom, and by combining these two methods, an useful mechanism overconstraints analysis method which is convenient for computer aided overconstraints analysis is gained via research on the two methods thoroughly and systematically, and some new views about mechanism overconstraints analysis are presented.     

BP神经网络在焉耆盆地农田排水量

利用BP神经网络技术对焉耆盆地农田排水量进行预测。利用灰色关联度分析确定了排水量与各影响因素的关系，选取了对排水量影响最大的5个因素作为BP网络的输入，利用均匀设计方法，确定了最优的神经网络结构。估算结果表明利用BP神经网络可以准确的估算农田排水量，最大相对误差仅为-2.45％。     

王茂沟流域淤地坝系土壤颗粒与有机碳分布特征研究

为了研究黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坝系坝地土壤颗粒与有机碳的分布特征,以陕北绥德县王茂沟小流域为研究对象,选取了47个土壤剖面,采集土样940个,分析了分形维数、粗化度、有机碳与各粒径组成之间的关系。结果表明:（1）研究区坝地的土壤粒径分布中,粉粒含量占主导地位,依次为砂粒、黏粒;（2）王茂沟坝地土壤颗粒的分形维数在2.674~2.829之内变化,垂直剖面上变化很微小,坝前、坝中、坝后土壤颗粒分形维数分别为2.803 3,2.783 6,2.795 8;（3）王茂沟坝地土壤质地粗化度在0.27~0.58,平均值为0.44,坝前（0.40） < 坝后（0.45） < 坝中（0.46）;（4）坝地土壤颗粒在0.05~0.002 mm和 < 0.002 mm范围内与土壤颗粒的分形维数成极显著正相关,在2.0~0.05 mm范围内与土壤颗粒的分形维数成极显著负相关;坝地土壤有机碳与粉粒和黏粒呈正相关,与细砂粒和极细沙粒含量呈负相关。     

Characterization of Pilot Scale Processed Canadian Organic Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Juice Pressing Residues and Phenolic-Enriched Extractives

This work examined the processing yields, physico-chemical characteristics, and bioactive properties of Canadian organic cranberry and blueberry pomace and phenolic-enriched extractives. The ethanol extracts from each berry contained three to four times the soluble solids and sugar contents compared to the pomace. The lipid content of organic cranberry pomace (4.44%), cranberry ethanol extractives (3.86%), and blueberry ethanol extractives (4.44%) were significantly lower than the lipid content of the organic blueberry pomace (5.42%). The organic blueberry pomace showed higher protein content (8.41%) than organic cranberry pomace (5.76%); however, both organic cranberry and blueberry ethanol extracts showed similarly low protein contents. Significant differences were observed in the mineral and elemental contents of both pomaces and their extractives. Total phenolics, tartaric esters, flavonols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activities were increased by two to three times in both organic cranberry and blueberry ethanol extracts compared to their respective pomaces. The major anthocyanins detected in organic blueberry pomace and ethanol extracts were peonidin 3-glucoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, malvidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-arabinoside. Peonidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, and peonidin 3-arabinside were the major anthocyanins in the organic cranberry and ethanol extacts. Results indicated that cranberry and blueberry pomace could be used to develop bioactives with antioxidant activity for potential health benefit and/or bioenergy production.     

农业机器人切削过程仿真分析——基于计算机辅助设计

利用6自由度机器人切削加工平台,讨论了该机器人与计算机辅助设计工具的数据链结构,研究了其运动控制过程,并对设计结果进行有效优化。通过介绍切削加工控制系统整体结构,构建了机器人运动学模型,并根据计算机辅助设计工具,对机器人后续优化过程的坐标转换、各关节正逆运动学计算以及机器人运动控制程序生成过程进行了深入研究。同时,对系统进行了ADAMS软件仿真,并完成了3D样件的加工。试验结果表明:该系统可以自动生成机器人运动控制程序的加工指令,直接驱动机器人末端执行刀具的运动,实现零部件的加工生产,可行性高。     

多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机的有限元分析

针对大规模香蕉种植基地香蕉收割机具的研发比较缺乏,研制了一种多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机。该机可收割各型株高的香蕉,具有自锁、多自由度动作及小型运输等特点。通过分析该机的工作原理,对其关键零部件建立有限元模型,进行基于ANSYS的有限元分析。结果表明:收割机关键零部件的刚度和强度满足工作要求。自锁式多自由度香蕉收割机的研制可为其他类似农作物收割机具的研制提供参考。