改良背主动脉注射法对鸡胚发育与转基因表达效率的影响

背主动脉注射是生产转基因鸡的经典方法,该方法不需换壳培养,但壳内注射技术难度大,并且无法实时观察后期胚胎发育情况.本实验对背主动脉注射法进行了改进,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated Virus,AAV)壳外注射至150枚HH 14～16期(Hamburger-Hamilton...     

油气管道SCADA系统高可靠冗余网络设计与实现

目前对SCADA系统的研究多集中于工程应用、软件架构设计、通信协议的数据传输和处理,对大型油气管道SCADA系统网络的研究与应用涉及较少,研究成果无法满足生产调度对业务数据网络传输的高质量、高可靠冗余要求。为此,设计了一种适用于大型SCADA系统的高可靠冗余网络架构,其设计思想是分层的架构设计、各层设备冗余及各设备之间链路冗余。根据PVST+生成树、HSRP、EIGRP、BGP、路由映射表等协议的算法特点,在各层网络组合中使用上述协议,从而确保了油气管道生产业务数据网络传输连续不中断,实现了站场与调度控制中心之间的生产数据可以根据链路情况自动选择最佳路径进行传输,满足了油气管道调度运行对业务数据网络传输的要求。(图1,参20)     

2CZD-1型段茎式甘蔗种植机设计与试验

研制了2CZD-1型段茎式甘蔗种植机,可一次性完成甘蔗种植的开沟、施肥、自动取种、自动排种、覆土和覆膜等工序,适用于宽窄行甘蔗种植。设计了机架、取送种机构、转盘施肥机构、旋耕覆土机构、覆膜机构和液压传动系统等结构,其中取送种机构采用排冗结构实现均匀排种。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对甘蔗种植机的机架进行模态分析,并通过田间试验获得甘蔗种植机的覆土厚度合格率、种植密度、伤芽率、漏植率及总排肥量稳定性变异系数等性能参数。模拟结果表明,当激励频率为8~80 Hz时,机架容易发生共振,且最大位移可达28.12 mm。田间试验表明,该种植机的种植密度为142325芽/hm^2,覆土厚度合格率为93.6%,伤芽率为2.8%,漏植率为4.7%,种植深度合格率为89.3%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数为5.8%,工作生产率为0.32 hm2/h,符合甘蔗种植机的设计要求,能够显著提高甘蔗种植的效率。     

The effect of hepatic passage on postprandial plasma lipid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a single meal

For the first time, pre‐ and post‐hepatic plasma lipid profiles were monitored following a single meal in a free‐swimming, non‐anaesthetized fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 700–1500 g; 10 °C) were equipped with cannulae in the dorsal aorta (DA) and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Simultaneous blood samples, taken from both cannulae at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postprandial, revealed the time course of the plasma lipid profiles following a single meal (1% of body mass). Primarily monounsaturated fatty acids with the exception of 18:1n ? 9, increased significantly from baseline by 12 h postprandial without greatly affecting total plasma lipid concentrations. Total plasma lipids then showed a small peak at 24 h postprandial, coinciding with a peak in triacylglycerols. We conclude that assimilation of lipids from the digest into the plasma is slower than reported for proteins and carbohydrates in the same species. Furthermore, as there were no significant differences between the HPV and DA, no measurable effect of hepatic passage on plasma lipid levels was resolved. Therefore, we also conclude that, in contrast to that in higher vertebrates, hepatic passage does not seem to have a major role in rainbow trout for modulating the postprandial plasma profile of lipids.     

断根和覆草旱作条件下水稻的产量效应

通过大田对比试验研究了常规水稻与覆草旱作水稻的产量构成、根系呼吸强度以及断根对产量的影响。 结果表明,覆草旱作水稻籽粒产量(5850.9 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])明显低于常规水稻（6685.7 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup]）,但前者的秸秆产量(5735.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])高于常规水稻(5489.5 kg/hm[sup]2[/sup])。常规水稻实粒占平均单蘖总量的百分数远大于覆草旱作水稻,覆草旱作水稻叶、鞘、秕粒的比例大于常规水稻。覆草旱作的根冠比（0.116）显著大于常规水稻（0.087）,前者的根系呼吸强度是常规水稻的2.7倍。旱作水稻断根后普遍有增产的趋势,而常规水稻则有减产的趋势。常规水稻断1/4、2/4和3/4根系时,平均每穴籽粒产量较不断根的分别下降23％、15％和20％。然而,旱作条件下,断1/4、2/4和3/4根系的水稻较全根的分别增产20％、7％和3％。由此可见,水稻旱作抑制了同化产物向籽粒的转运,叶和鞘中积累了较多的同化产物;旱作水稻根系冗余生长,消耗了大量碳水化合物,可能导致水稻籽粒产量下降。     

冗余驱动的三平动并联机构性能分析与优化

提出一种冗余驱动的三平动并联机构。利用李群理论和修正的Grübler-Kutzbach公式对机构的输出自由度进行了分析。建立机构的位置方程,得到位置逆解和正解表达式,分析机构的运动部分解耦特性。推导机构的雅可比矩阵,并进行奇异分析。分析机构的工作空间。采用螺旋理论和虚功原理,建立机构的动力学模型,得到驱动力的优化分配,驱动力理论分析与仿真计算结果最大偏差为0.6%。建立机构的运动学评价指标和动力学评价指标,并研究尺度参数与机构性能间的映射关系。基于性能图谱对机构的尺度参数进行优化,提高其综合性能。     

3-RRPaR并联机构刚体动力学建模与分析

针对一种具有冗余结构的3-RRPaR并联机构,根据拉格朗日乘子法建立动力学模型,进而对冗余并联机构进行动力学分析。首先,分析了3-RRPaR并联机构的结构特征,确定了冗余结构的结构构型;然后,利用闭环矢量法建立并联机构的逆运动学模型,利用拉格朗日乘子法建立并联机构的动力学模型;最后,利用Matlab分别对并联机构空载和加载时的动力学方程进行数值求解,绘制了动力学响应曲线,根据拉格朗日乘子与约束力矩的关系求解出驱动杆的驱动力矩,将计算结果与ADAMS虚拟仿真结果进行对比分析,验证了动力学建模方法的正确性。结果表明,动平台加载后,驱动杆的驱动力矩也随之增大,但其数值变化规律与空载时基本相同。本研究为该并联机构的动力学控制和机构性能研究奠定了基础,也为其他结构冗余并联机构的刚体动力学建模提供了方法和思路。     

顺应理论视角下的冗余信息策略研究

冗余信息作为我们所熟悉的一种语言现象,是语言固有的本质特征之一.现有的研究大多数局限在语言传递信息的功能上,相对较少地关注其社会功能,因此,对冗余信息的理解也不免过于简单和片面.维索尔的语用顺应理论是对语言使用的一种纵观.本文就是从语言顺应角度出发,分析冗余信息策略的应用.     

iNOS-GC-cGMP signaling activation might be involved in vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats

AIM: To evaluate the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-guanylate cyclase(GC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) signaling on vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: sham operation group (sham group), lipopolysaccharide group(LPS group), LPS+polymyxin B group (LPS+PMX-B group) and polymyxin B group (PMX-B group). Cannulation of the carotid artery was performed to record mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). The levels of plasma NO, iNOS and TNF-α were detected. The tension of the thoracic aortic rings was measured by a biological analytical system. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, MABP in LPS group was significantly lower (P<0.01), whereas MABP in LPS+PMX-B group was significantly higher than that in LPS group (P<0.05), and no statistical difference of MABP between PMX-B group and sham group was observed (P>0.05). The plasma levels of NO and iNOS in LPS group were significantly higher than those in sham group and LPS+PMX-B group (P<0.01). The contraction of isolated thoracic aortic rings stimulated by phenylephrine and the relaxation response by acetylcholine in LPS group were significantly lower than those in sham group (P<0.01), whereas those in LPS+PMX-B group were significantly improved (P<0.01). The vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors was completely reversed by pretreatment either with aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, or with methylene blue, an inhibitor of NO-sensitive GC. CONCLUSION: The iNOS-GC-cGMP signaling activation might be involved in vascular hyporeactivity in LPS-induced endotoxemic rats. Polymyxin B partly reverses the vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors by reducing the level of serum TNF-α, which may be mediated by the iNOS-GC-cGMP signal pathways to attenuate the overexpression of iNOS and NO production.     

引入冗余函数的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案

提出了一种新的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案,方案中引入了冗余函数,并对其安全性进行了分析,发现该方案能有效防止伪造攻击.同时该方案具有通信成本低、通信速度快、安全性高等特点,适合小型身份认证系统.