Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.     

双低菜籽粕在饲料中的应用

双低菜籽粕具有高产优质的特点,其饲用品质优于普通菜籽粕,营养价值与豆粕相当,被广泛应用于饲料。为了更有效开发其对饲料业和养殖业的应用潜力,本文就双低菜籽粕的营养价值和在动物饲用方面进行的一系列的基础性研究作一简要介绍。     

菘油2号选育及油蔬两用价值初探

药用植物菘蓝的特定染色体附加到甘蓝型油菜所产生的附加系表现一定的抗病毒活性,但尚无营养成分、菜薹和菜籽产量、综合效益方面的研究。本研究以抗病毒油菜菘油1号为父本,细胞核雄性不育系川A-3为母本选育出菘油2号,并对其进行油蔬两用产量、农艺性状、菜薹营养、种子品质、综合效益等方面的研究。结果表明,具有菘蓝染色体特异标记的植株占48.56%,其菜薹营养丰富,维生素C和锌含量明显高于西兰花1-1-5、白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,氨基酸、蛋白质含量明显高于白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,与西兰花1-1-5相当。从播种到始摘薹的天数平均为117 d,菜薹产量为16 908.8 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产75.1%。与单纯收籽栽培相比,摘薹后末花期延迟6～10 d,株高、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量,含油量都显著降低,其末花期理论生物量平均124.3 t/hm²,收获油菜籽1127.3 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产16.4%,较单纯收油菜籽栽培减产42...     

黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程观察

为明确黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在甘蓝型油菜叶片和茎中的侵染及扩展过程,利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的黑胫病菌株接菌油菜叶片,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察菌株在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程.结果表明,接种油菜叶片7 h后,分生孢子萌发并长出芽管;17 h后,芽管侵入气孔;24 h后,分生孢子全...     

二氧化硅在菜籽油吸附脱磷中的应用及其对酚酸的影响

为了精炼后的油中尽可能多地保留菜籽多酚,首先通过傅里叶红外光谱分析(Fourier infrared spectrum,FT-IR)和差示扫描量热分析(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)对二氧化硅(SiO2)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)以及它们的复合物进行表征分析,然后以菜籽油为研究...     

优质春油菜杂交种青杂3号高产制种技术研究

“青杂3号”高产制种的适宜区域为,海拔2 700—2 900m、年平均气温1—2℃的冷凉地区,制种隔离距离不小于1 000m,父母本行比:2∶6,田间种植密度50.85—56.85万株.hm-2,尿素施用量168.75—199.79kg.hm-2,磷酸二铵施用量444.38—496.13kg.hm-2为宜。所有肥料均作基肥播种前一次性施入,制种区花期必须有蜜蜂辅助授粉。     

鹅对菜籽粕代谢能和营养物质利用率的评定

【目的】利用套算法评定不同来源菜籽粕的鹅代谢能及营养物质利用率。【方法】选取健康、体重接近的200日龄成年公鹅30只,随机分为5组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组),每组6个重复,每个重复1只鹅。4种菜籽粕分别由加拿大进口油菜籽及江苏省苏州市、宿迁市、盐城市本地生产的油菜籽榨油而成。采用强饲法进行代谢试验,强饲量80 g,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别以4种菜籽粕替代30%基础饲粮,试验Ⅴ组强饲基础饲料,并收集内源粪便,做内源校正。【结果】(1)4种菜籽粕中的总能(GE)、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、钙(Ca)、总磷(TP)含量的平均值分别是17.48 MJ/kg、88.95%、42.22%、2.47%、7.93%、22.42%、37.81%、0.83%和1.09%。(2)鹅对4种菜籽粕的表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)平均值分别为12.27和13.05 MJ/kg,且AME、TME存在显著的组间差异(P<0.05);鹅对4种菜籽粕CP真利用率平均值为44.84%,对DM、EE、Ash、ADF、NDF...     

化学药物GSC不同浓度对白菜型冬油菜主要性状的影响

以白菜型冬油菜品种鉴94为材料,研究化学药物GSC的不同浓度对白菜型冬油菜主要性状的影响。结果表明,GSC处理两次后,导致植株生长势变弱,而对结实力无显著影响;对油菜花冠和花瓣的生长有一定抑制作用,随着化学药物浓度的增加,花冠直径和花瓣面积呈减小趋势,雄蕊长度逐渐缩短,雌蕊无显著变化,T7浓度处理(第一次0.5 mg·L^-1和第二次0.6 mg·L^-1浓度处理)后,花丝萎缩,花药干瘪,出现大量不育花粉。GSC可以诱导白菜型油菜产生雄性不育,随着GSC浓度的增加,不育株数和失活花粉数也逐渐增加,在T7浓度,植株不育株率达86.49%,失活花粉率达89.30%;同时用此浓度处理后花粉囊发育不良,绒毡层细胞提前解体或随花粉粒退化一同消失,小孢子团紧贴内壁,数量变少。试验说明化学药物GSC对白菜型冬油菜具有一定的杀雄效果,同时杀雄效果与药物浓度有一定关系。     

菜籽饼的发酵脱毒及酶酸法水解制备复合氨基酸工艺研究

以菜籽饼为原料,选择黑曲霉、米曲霉、乳酸菌进行混合固态发酵,然后利用多菌种混合发酵中产生的蛋白酶进行菌酶水解试验,经55℃菌酶水解7 h,氨基酸含量达1.15 g/100 ml;然后,加适量盐酸,经95℃低酸水解8 h,氨基酸含量可达2.17 g/100 ml。本项目研究的生产复合氨基酸液的工艺集脱毒、菌酶、低酸水解为一体,能耗低、产率高,且氨基酸种类丰富齐全,为菜籽饼的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。