便携式水产品四环素含量检测装置研制

针对水产品四环素残留的便捷化精准检测难题,该研究研制了一种四环素含量检测的便携式直读光电化学装置,并探究了装置用于鱼肉四环素残留检测的可行性。装置分别以LED和STC89C52单片机为激发光源和控制核心,利用设计的光源暗室避免外源光照对检测结果的影响。测试结果表明,LED激发光源的输出信号稳定,装置对于光电流信号的采集具有较好的准确性。进一步基于丝网印刷电极构建光电化学适配体传感器,采用所研制装置对信号进行采集与处理,最终以OLED显示器直接读取抗生素浓度信息。该方法对于四环素检测的线性范围为1?10-11～1?10-8 mol/L,检测限为3?10-12 mol/L,具有较好的选择性,且对于鱼肉四环素残留检测的回收率为92%～94%,为水产品四环素的精准现场分析提供了新的方法与途径。     

Novel antibiotics as inhibitors for the selective respiratory inhibition method of measuring fungal:bacterial ratios in soil

The use of the selective inhibition (SI) method for measuring fungal:bacterial ratios may be limited due to biocide selectivity and the overlap of antibiotic activity. This study evaluated novel pairs of antibiotics for their specificity in soils of different origins and their potential reduction in inhibition of non-target organisms. Four soils selected for this study were from a semi-arid shrub-steppe, a loblolly pine forest and two grassland sites (restored and farmed prairie plots). Three bactericides were tested: oxytetracycline hydrochloride, streptomycin sulphate, and bronopol. Three fungicides were tested: captan, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The inhibitor additivity ratio and fungal:bacterial ratios were calculated from control and treated soils where inhibition was measured as CO₂ respiration reduction with biocides. We were able to minimize non-target inhibition by the antibiotics to <5% and thus calculate reliable fungal:bacterial ratios using captan to inhibit fungi in all four soils, and bronopol to inhibit bacteria in three of the four soils. The most successful bactericide in the restored prairie was oxytetracycline-HCl. Our results demonstrate that application of novel antibiotics is not uniformly successful in soils of different origin and that the SI technique requires more than just optimization of antibiotic concentration; it also requires optimization of antibiotic selection.     

人工湿地去除畜禽养殖废水污染物研究进展

为研究人工湿地在畜禽养殖废水中处理污染物的现状,以“人工湿地”、“畜禽养殖废水或污水”、“畜禽养殖污染”、“营养物质”、“重金属”、“抗生素”和“抗生素基因”等为关键词,搜索ISI web of knowledge、SpringerLink、中国知网、万方数据库等数据库,对2007-2020年发表的相关文献进行归纳和分...     

豪猪源福氏志贺菌的分离鉴定及喹诺酮类耐药基因检测

为调查四川省某规模化豪猪养殖场中豪猪大面积腹泻死亡的原因,本研究采集病死豪猪的肠道内容物和肺脏等病料样品进行细菌的分离纯化,通过培养特性观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因的克隆测序进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行致病性、耐药性分析,对其喹诺酮类耐药基因进行PCR检测并测序分析。结果显示,分离得到1株革兰阴性菌,该分离株符合福氏志贺菌的培养特性和生化特性,并且其16S rRNA基因序列与福氏志贺菌该基因序列的同源性为99%;对小鼠具有较强致病性;药敏试验结果显示分离株具有多重耐药性,仅对丁胺卡那敏感,对喹诺酮类、四环素类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、青霉素类和氯霉素类药物均表现为耐药;分离株的DNA促旋酶Ⅱ和拓扑异构酶Ⅳ的喹诺酮耐药决定区均有突变,且携带有质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因qnr A和qnr S。本研究是国内首次关于豪猪源福氏志贺菌病的报道,为豪猪养殖中该细菌性疾病的诊断防治等相关研究提供参考。     

玉米DDGS中抗生素残留的潜在风险及其检测方法

本文就DDGS产品中抗生素残留风险及其检测方法作一综述。     

致谢审稿专家

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Pingtung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 oC in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT50) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT90) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.     

Recherche de bacteries thermophiles resistantes aux antibiotiques dans les bains traditionnels

Three thermophilic bacteria strains, designated strain BS1, BS2 and BS3, resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and leaving at an optimal temperature for growth of about 50°C, were isolated from traditional baths in Meknes-city in Morocco. Physiological and biochemical studies showed that these organisms belong to Gram positive Bacilli. They could not be identified with the Bergey's Manuel of Systematic Bacteriology (1986). The dosage of β-lactamase during the exponential growth phase has revealed that the strain BS3 produces a maximal amount of this enzyme. Studies aimed at determining the optimal conditions for incubation and growth have been performed in order to optimize the excretion of β-lactamase by BS3 cells and thus facilitate the purification and and characterization of this enzyme.     

银白杨遗传转化中抗生素浓度优化的研究

该文探讨了卡那霉素、G418、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素4种抗生素对银白杨不同培养阶段外植体生长、分化或生根的影响,确立了由农杆菌介导的银白杨遗传转化研究中抗生素种类和转化体的筛选浓度.结果表明:在叶片转化筛选阶段,卡那霉素和G418的适宜浓度分别为15和10 mg/L,羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素的适宜浓度为200～600 mg/L和200～400 mg/L;在抗性芽生根培养时,卡那霉素和G418浓度分别为20～25 mg/L和15～20 mg/L,羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素浓度为200～800 mg/L和200～600 mg/L.头孢霉素或羧苄青霉素的抑菌效果因农杆菌菌株的不同而存在差异,羧苄青霉素对农杆菌LBA4404抑制效果好,头孢霉素对农杆菌C58抑制效果理想.      

海马病原菌的分离鉴定及其对抗生素敏感性的研究

从患病海马Hippocampus kelloggi体内分离到3株菌株,用分离菌株的纯培养物感染健康海马,48 h内海马全部发病,其临床症状与原患病海马相似,经形态学、生化和室内感染试验,鉴定该菌株为副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahem olyticus。药敏试验结果表明,所分离菌株对链霉素、利福平、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、氟派酸、四环素、复达欣、菌必治、奈定酸等抗菌药表现为高敏感性;对红霉素、新霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ、强力霉素、新生霉素、头孢呋肟、呋喃妥因等药物敏感性较高;对氨苄青霉素、羟苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、林可霉素等药物敏感性较差。     

生猪废水处理和磷回收工艺中抗生素和耐药细菌的削减特征

调查生猪废水处理和磷回收工艺中,厌氧消化、氧化池、磷回收流化床和潜流人工湿地对水质参数、抗生素、耐药细菌和病原菌丰度削减的贡献。结果表明,在水质指标方面,厌氧消化对COD的去除率最大,为40.28%;人工湿地对TP和NH_4~+-N的去除率最大,分别达到53.33%和67.74%;流化床对TP的去除率为49.94%。在抗生素吸附和降解方面,厌氧消化、流化床和人工湿地对土霉素(OTC)和环丙沙星(CIP)具有较大幅度的去除,去除率范围分别为32.27%～63.77%和40.44%～44.11%;厌氧消化、氧化池和人工湿地对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)具有中等幅度的去除,去除率范围为18.10%～28.52%。在耐药细菌方面,厌氧消化作为一级处理工艺对各类型耐药细菌均具有最大去除率(50%);同样作为三级处理工艺,人工湿地能进一步削减耐药细菌的数量,而流化床出水中以奇异变形杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和宋内氏志贺氏菌为主的耐药细菌数量出现反弹。微生物群落分析发现,人工湿地在降低病原细菌丰度方面优势显著。研究表明,设置潜流人工湿地承接流化床出水可进一步深化处理生猪废水。