内蒙古地区提高天然降水利用率实用技术及其评价

本文针对内蒙古地区水资源短缺 ,旱灾发生频繁的现状及天然降水利用效率不高的特点 ,结合国内外现有的科研与技术成果 ,根据地处干旱、半干旱地区内蒙古的气候特点 ,提出提高天然降水利用率的各种实用技术方法。并利用地理信息技术 ,根据各种实用技术方法的指标要求 ,结合内蒙古的地形、坡度状况、土壤类型和气象条件 ,在雨养农业区进行实用技术方法的优化分区 ,区划出适宜区域。     

15N-甘氨酸单剂量终产物法研究妊娠和非妊娠母猪整体蛋白质周转代谢

采用15N-甘氨酸单剂量终产物法研究了妊娠和非妊娠母猪在不同阶段整体蛋白质代谢的周转速率以及氨基酸利用效率的差异。结果表明:刚配种时,妊娠母猪与非妊娠母猪蛋白质代谢参数差异不显著(P>0.05);妊娠30d时,妊娠母猪蛋白质合成速率,降解速率、周转速率显著低于非妊娠母猪(P<0.05),但沉积速率提高了25%(P<0.05);妊娠后期,妊娠母猪氨基酸代谢库氮流量、周转速率以及蛋白质合成速率和降解速率显著(P<0.01)提高,蛋白质的沉积速率增加了71.1%(P<0.01)。     

车外综合温度条件下典型冷藏车厢内热稳定性研究

综合考虑太阳直射辐射、天空散射辐射、地面反射辐射、室外空气温度及车辆运行速度多个因素,采用2阶谐波傅氏级数表达的车外壁面温度函数作为车厢外侧的边界条件,利用热工理论分析与试验验证相结合的方法,分析4种典型冷藏车隔热车厢对温度的衰减与延迟作用,以及厢内热稳定性的影响。结果表明:车厢的隔热材料不同,对车外综合温度的延迟时间与衰减倍数不同,厢体热惰性指标、热阻越大,延迟时间与衰减倍数相应越大;车辆行驶方向、隔热材料不同,车厢体内壁面温度也不同,但都按照正弦规律波动变化,且厢体内壁面温度逐时变化值接近厢内设定空气温度。车厢内的热稳定性主要由厢体隔热材料的热阻与热惰性指标决定,由好到差依次为真空绝热材料厢体、挤塑聚苯乙烯厢体、聚氨酯隔热厢体、聚苯乙烯隔热厢体。     

水功能区划修编及其水资源保护对策措施——以重庆市丰都县为例

根据三峡库区丰都县流域水资源开发利用现状及发展规划,结合社会需求,并通过污染源调查研究和水质分析评价,进行了丰都县水功能区划修编,重新划分水功能区,提出相应的水质保护目标及其水资源保护对策措施,以加强对水资源实施统一有效的监督管理,确保区域经济社会与环境可持续发展。     

Establishment and Analysis on Material Flow Model in Argo-animal Husbandry Ecosystem

This paper analyzed the material flow situation in argo-animal husbandry ecosystem by compartment model. This model was an important mean for investigating the whole structural characteristics in ecosystem. Based on this analysis, characteristics of material cycle and integrity in the system were mastered. As an example of natural conditions in Yonghe Village, Shuangcheng Township, Shuangcheng Municipal, Heilongjang Province, the system of linear differential equations in system was established by extracting each compartment and investigating material flow and stability of this model was proved by Lyapunov linear theory. The result showed that this system could not be interfered by initial value in the state of present, input and output.     

Cellular immunophenotypic profile in the splenic compartment during canine visceral leishmaniasis

To determine the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we analyzed cellular immunophenotypic profiles of 52 dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum, clinically classified as follows: asymptomatic dogs-I (AD-I), seronegative/PCR+; asymptomatic dogs-II (AD-II), seropositive/PCR+; oligosymptomatic dogs (OD) and symptomatic dogs (SD). Seven non-infected dogs (CD) were included as a control group. AD-II presented higher levels of CD8+ T splenocytes and lower TCD4+/TCD8+ ratio in comparison with CD. OD and SD showed lower percentages of CD21+ as compared with AD-II. All seropositive dogs presented lower levels of CD45RA+ than CD. Regardless of the stimuli used, the proliferation index from splenocytes in vitro was inversely correlated with clinical status. After LSA stimulation, there was a higher percentage of specific CD8+ T in AD-II than CD and non-stimulated culture. In contrast, splenocytes from SD under in vitro LSA stimulation induced decreased MHC-II+ expression in comparison with all groups, and non-stimulated culture. In conclusion, the role of CD8+ T splenocytes seems to be important for an effective immunological response, a hallmark of asymptomatic CVL, whereas the pronounced loss of MHC-II expression upon LSA stimulation is a biomarker of symptomatic CVL.     

Volatile fatty acid profile for grass hay or alfalfa hay fed to alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

The purpose of this study was to determine the diurnal composition and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and to determine VFA composition and concentration differences between stomach compartment 1 (C1) and caecum of alpacas fed grass and alfalfa hay. The study was divided into two experiments. In Experiment 1 (EXP 1), 10 male alpacas (3+ years old, 65 kg BW) were divided into two groups, housed in drylot pens, provided ad libitum water and fed alfalfa (AH) or grass hay (GH) for 30 days. The alpacas were slaughtered and the digestive tract collected, divided into sub‐tract sections, weighed and digesta sampled for pH, dry matter (DM) and NDF. Volatile fatty acid composition and concentration were determined on C1 and caecal material. Four adult male (3+ years old, 60 kg BW), C1 fistulated alpacas were housed in metabolism crates and divided into two forage groups for Experiment 2 (EXP 2). Alpacas were fed the forages as in EXP 1. Diurnal C1 VFA samples were drawn at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h post‐feeding. There were no differences between forages for tract weight, C1 and caecum digesta DM or NDF. Differences were noted (p < 0.05) for pH between forages and sub‐tract site. Volatile fatty acids concentrations were different (p < 0.05) for forage and site, and total VFA was higher for AH than GH (110.6 and 79.1 mm ) and C1 than caecum (40.7 and 27.6 mm ). Proportion of VFA was significant (p < 0.05) for forage and site, C1 acetate highest for GH (84.8 vs. 74.0 mm ) and caecum acetate 83.7 and 76.2 mm for GH and AH respectively. These data demonstrate the level of VFA produced in C1 and the caecum of alpacas and the diurnal VFA patterns. Composition of VFA is similar to other ruminant species.     

Improvement of Time-Driven Models of Lamina Cocksfoot Digestibility by a Process-Based Model to Take Account of Plant N Nutrition and Defoliation

For management purposes, models of lamina digestibility (D_W) that are thermal time driven (T_sum) fail to account for plant nitrogen status (0 < Ni < 1) and defoliation intensity (residual sheath height: S_r). The objective of this paper was to enrich them using a functional processed-based model, which assumes that the decline in D_W over time depends on the metabolic : structural tissue ratio and plant ageing. An experiment combining two N fertilizer rates and two defoliation regimes (differences in S_r) for two spring and two summer regrowth was done to analyse D_W of laminae (youngest fully expanded) and tiller (whole green lamina) levels. For laminae, we show that both processes contribute to explain the decline in D_W at a rate that depends on Ni but not on S_r. For tillers, consistent results were found justifying the use of a simple model: D_W = f(+Ni; −Ni × T_sum; −S_r). Two different databases (from experiment and commercial farms) were used for validation: RMSD varied from 35 to 49 g kg⁻¹. The process-based model strengthened the empirical model and improved the comprehensiveness of how management practices change D_W. We used both models to create applications for reasoning yield in function of herbage mass in complement than in function of time.