北疆苜蓿属植物繁育系统的研究

采用等位酶技术，对北疆苜蓿属植物种群的繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明，北疆苜蓿属植物种群为外繁育系统，黄花苜蓿、多变苜蓿、紫花苜蓿基因组成中杂合体过多，均保持较低的自交结实率。参试苜蓿属植物表现某种程度的内繁育衰退现象，地理或生殖隔离等因素可能是导致个别种群出现内繁育衰退现象的原因之一。对北疆苜蓿属遗传资源保护时，既要选择遗传基础丰富的种和种群以保持最多的遗传变异，还要注意选择具有不同等位的种群以保持原有的基因和基因频率。     

Assessing the potential impacts of alternative landscape designs on amphibian population dynamics

An individual-based, spatially explicit population model was used to predict the consequences of future land-use alternatives for populations of four amphibian species in two central Iowa (midwest USA) agricultural watersheds. The model included both breeding and upland habitat and incorporated effects of climatic variation and demographic stochasticity. Data requirements of the model include life history characteristics, dispersal behavior, habitat affinities, as well as land use and landcover in geographic information systems databases. Future scenarios were ranked according to change in breeder abundance, saturation, and distribution, compared to baseline conditions. Sensitivity of simulation results to changes in model parameters was also examined. Simulated results suggest that while all four species modeled are likely to persist under present and future scenario conditions, two may be more at risk from future landscape change. Although the study species are all widespread generalists regarded as having a low conservation priority, they depend on wetlands and ponds, increasingly endangered habitats in agricultural landscapes. Broader conservation strategies in the region would ensure that these currently common organisms do not become the endangered species of the future.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chromosomal and Plasmid Diversity of Agrobacterium Strains Isolated from Ficus benjamina Tumors

Agrobacteria were previously isolated from tumors developing on branches and aerial and hypogeous roots of weeping fig plants in Italy and in The Netherlands. A representative group of 48 strains was analyzed by PCR–RFLP of 16S and 16S + IGS ribosomal regions, PCR–RFLP of six Ti plasmid (pTi) regions and characterized for plasmid content. Two groups of agrobacteria were separated by cluster analysis of PCR–RFLP profiles of rrs gene: seventeen strains were similar to the new species Agrobacterium larrymoorei, while the remaining strains were included within the agrobacterium biovar 1 group. Sixteen different plasmid profiles from one to five plasmids were observed. In addition, 21 ribotypes and 20 pTi structures were arranged in many different combinations, showing that fig agrobacteria were characterized by a wide heterogeneity. A general lack of correlation between strain ribotypes and plasmid content was observed.     

中国硬叶兜兰主要分布区居群表型多样性分析

研究基于硬叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum micranthum)表型变异,通过相关性、主成分以及聚类等分析,对9个硬叶兜兰野生居群的22个表型性状指标进行了调查研究,探究硬叶兜兰居群间及居群内表型多样性,为硬叶兜兰资源的进一步保护和利用奠定基础。结果表明:硬叶兜兰在居群间具有丰富的表型多样性,居群内变异较少。平均表型分化系数(Vst)为64%,居群间表型分化高于居群内表型分化。22个性状的平均变异系数(CV)范围为9.52%～31.48%,9个居群平均变异系数为14.55%～18.51%,在表型间差异显著,在居群间差异不显著。主成分分析表明,花纵径等花部性状和株高等营养性状是硬叶兜兰变异的主要因素。Pearson相关性分析表明,株高、中萼片长和花瓣长与大部分性状都呈现显著正相关;冠幅、叶片数等营养性状与海拔存在显著正相关性,而花横径、花纵径等生殖性状与海拔存在显著或极显著负相关性。聚类分析结果表明,9个居群可以聚类为3个类群,和硬叶兜兰地理分布距离一致。     

褐藻羊栖菜繁殖生物学特征和生活史流程的补充研究

以温州市洞头区人工养殖羊栖菜和野生羊栖菜为研究样本,详细描述了羊栖菜成熟孢子体有性生殖,假根与侧生枝无性生殖的繁殖生物学特征和生活史流程。详细记录了羊栖菜卵、精子和受精卵的减数分裂和有丝分裂过程,假根、茎(主茎和侧生茎)、叶(气囊)和生殖托(雌托和雄托)等4类器官生长、发育和分化过程,胚、幼孢子体和成熟孢子体形态结构特征。在此基础上对现有羊栖菜繁殖生物学特征及生活史流程进行了补充和修正,增加了羊栖菜侧生枝无性生殖和羊栖菜幼孢子体期有性生殖的相关内容,并重新绘制了羊栖菜生活史流程图。该研究结果将为开展羊栖菜养殖生态学研究,深层次解析羊栖菜生殖节律、种群繁衍与环境关系奠定基础。     

Diatomaceous earth foliar spraying along with adjuvants in pistachio orchards associated with the common pistachio psylla,Agonoscena pistaciae

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is a serious global pest menacing pistachio orchards. Considering the dangers of using excessive chemical pesticides, it seems that using natural insecticides such as diatomaceous earth is a suitable way to lower the residual amount of highly hazardous pesticides. In this study, the effects of diatomaceous earth with different additives, including dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, polyurethane glue as a wood adhesive, and potassium silicate, were investigated in several concentrations over two years in orchard conditions. Although all treatments showed significant effects, the most effective treatments were (diatomaceous earth+dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) and (diatomaceous earth+polyurethane glue). Therefore, the use of diatomaceous earth combined with the additive materials mentioned can potentially be a safe method for the integrated management of the common pistachio psylla.     

速度赛马粪便微生物种群差异的研究

为筛选提高赛马竞技成绩的有益微生物,试验比较现役纯血速度赛马粪便微生物群落多样性及丰度差异.选择休赛一周的现役纯血马9匹,按比赛成绩分为A (16.8 m/s)、B(16.4 m/s)、C(16.3m/s)3组.收集新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便样本菌群DNA,对微生物16S rDNA的V3～V4区序列Illumina测序.结...     

基于综合承载力的区域适度人口研究

在可持续发展目标条件下,适度人口取决于生态、经济和土地等多要素的综合承载力。本文探讨了适度人口的计算方法和模型,运用该模型对吉林省1978-2002年的适度人口进行了测算,并对结果进行了分析,探讨其形成原因,提出解决对策。但适度人口是动态的,是生产力的函数,土地承载是基础,经济承载是关键,生态承载是限制,本文未曾寻求到既能提高区域适度人口数量,又不对区域生态系统产生破坏与影响的土地、经济和生态承载人口三者之间的动态平衡临界点,这是今后努力的方向。     

天山北坡经济带人口分布与经济发展研究

人口分布是影响经济发展的重要因素。人口分布与经济分布的最基本属性是不均衡性,人口与经济的空间集中化是区域发展的内在规律。本文从人口与经济发展的关系出发,通过对天山北坡经济带人口数量、人口密度、人口分布等因素与经济发展相关关系及动态演进的多方面分析,为天山北坡经济带进一步实施人口与经济空间集中化战略,建立起人口、经济与环境协调发展的区域格局提供一些理论依据与对策。     

2016年－2019年河南信阳黏虫的种群动态及虫源性质分析

为了解河南信阳黏虫的发生情况,本研究利用高空探照灯对2016年-2019年黏虫成虫的种群动态进行了监测及分析。结果表明,2016年-2019年在河南信阳监测的黏虫成虫主要为东方黏虫(又称为黏虫)和劳氏黏虫,均一年发生5代,整个监测期间均出现多个高峰期。其中,东方黏虫以一代为主,占全年总诱虫量的54.62%～82.96%,并且大部分虫源向外迁出,少部分留在本地;劳氏黏虫以三代或四代为主,以留在本地或迁入为主,只有少数向外迁出。本研究为河南省信阳地区黏虫的预测预报和防控提供了参考。