鸭瘟病毒的PCR检测及其产物分析

根据基因库中已有的鸭瘟 Ul6的序列 ,合成一对引物 ,对 3株鸭瘟病毒进行 PCR扩增 ,均扩增出大小约 42 0 bp的特异性片段。进行测序 ,结果表明 3个毒株扩增后的片段均为 42 1bp。经重复实验后确定最佳反应条件 ,按该条件对两例临床病料进行检测 ,结果均出现大小约为 42 0 bp的特异片段。PCR产物与 L ake Andes株的相关序列比较 ,广东毒株与 L ake Andes株同源性较高     

生物安全与家禽疫病控制

疫病成为制约我国畜牧业发展的主要因素，要较好控制疫病必须推行生物安全措施。本文从生物安全概念、推行生物安全必要性、生物安全范围、生物安全难点及养鸡场生物安全措施进行了论述。     

Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle, mainly in areas with temperate climates. Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague. In the United States, prairie dogs (Cynomys), rodents (Muridae), and ground squirrels (Spermophilus) are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague. In particular, prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread, which can lead to extirpation of colonies. A number of ecological parameters, including climate, are associated with these epizootics. In this study, we asked whether soil parameters, primarily moisture and temperature, are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison's prairie dogs in the Western United States, and at what depth these associations were apparent. We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation, while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located. The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs, in addition to temperature near the surface, with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague. Overall, the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison's prairie dogs.     

应用MODIS数据监测大范围病虫害植被指数变化——以2010年澳大利亚蝗灾为例

为了分析2010年澳大利亚新南威尔士州大范围蝗灾的发生范围和受灾程度,利用2008—2010年MODIS/Terra数据,通过植被生长期内前后同期的NDVI差值图像△NDVI判断2010年植被长势情况。研究结果表明:从整体上看,监测到的受灾范围与受灾程度上基本一致,能较好的反映出新南威尔士州的受灾情况;2010年9月新南威尔士州未受灾面积约为41万km2;受灾较轻区域面积约为5万km2;受灾较重区域的面积约为34万km2;受灾总面积约为39万km2,约占总面积的49%。通过与官方统计数据对比,监测到的受灾面积与官方统计数据相对误差为22%,造成误差的主要原因是像元的缺失与个别错误的像元点,导致受灾区域缺失的像元不能统计在受灾面积中和降低了受灾情况分类的精度。可得出结论,此方法适用于在对蝗灾发生范围和受灾程度的研究中。     

基于数据挖掘的肝瘟病阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄辨证模式用药规律研究

目的 总结“阳黄-阴阳黄-阴黄”辨证模式治疗肝瘟病用药规律。方法 基于“中医临床科研信息一体化技术平台”,制定纳入和排除标准,规则化处理后建立肝瘟病用药数据库,采用频数分析、复杂网络分析、点式互信息等分析方法进行数据挖掘。结果 肝瘟病总体用药频次依次为:茵陈（1 368）,赤芍（1 309）,丹参（1 250）,甘草（1 086）,白术（1 038）等;其中阳黄证以茵陈（1 062）,赤芍（1 016）,丹参（970）,甘草（823）,石菖蒲（796）,白术（760）等为主;阴阳黄证以茵陈（285）,赤芍（272）,白术（268）,丹参（260）,薏苡仁（245）等为主。核心用药中阳黄证为茵陈、赤芍、丹参;阴阳黄证为白术、茵陈、薏苡仁、附子、丹参、赤芍。阳黄、阴阳黄阶段即开始配伍白术、附子等温阳药物。结论 肝瘟病用药总以清热利湿解毒、凉血活血化瘀、益气健脾为主。阳黄证以清热利湿解毒、凉血化瘀为主,阴阳黄证以温阳健脾、活血退黄为主,早期应用温法干预治疗可延缓阴黄化进程。     

三角帆蚌肝脏瘟病感染期抑制性消减cDNA文库的构建与分析

采用抑制性消减杂交技术构建了三角帆蚌肝脏瘟病感染期抑制性消减cDNA文库。经检验,差异表达基因均被富集了 2¹⁰倍左右,证明构建的 cDNA 消减文库具有很强的消减效率。PCR 鉴定发现,在随机挑取的阳性克隆中,95% 的克隆均含有 0.2～1.0 kb 的插入片段,这些片段可能是三角帆蚌瘟病病毒感染后差异表达基因的cDNA片段。测序共获得 214 个有效 cDNA 序列,分别属于8 大类,共 98 个基因。其中细胞分裂基因 2个、细胞结构与运动基因 9 个、代谢基因 10 个、信号传导基因 7 个、细胞防疫基因 10 个、基因与蛋白表达基因 20 个、未知功能蛋白基因 26 个,GenBank中找不到任何同源序列的基因 14 个。结果说明,构建的差异表达cDNA文库,可较好地反映三角帆蚌瘟病病毒对三角帆蚌影响的基因信息。     

The Control of Rinderpest in Tanzania between 1997 and 1998

In January 1997, Tanzania requested international assistance against rinderpest on the grounds that the virus had probably entered the country from southern Kenya. Over the next few months, a variety of attempts were made to determine the extent of the incursion by searching for serological and clinical evidence of the whereabouts of the virus. At the clinical level, these attempts were hampered by the low virulence of the strain, and at the serological level by the lack of a baseline against which contemporary interpretations could be made. Once it became apparent that neither surveillance tool was likely to produce a rapid result, an infected area was declared on common-sense grounds and emergency vaccination was initiated. The vaccination programme had two objectives, firstly to prevent any further entry across the international border, and secondly to contain and if possible eliminate rinderpest from those districts into which it had already entered. On the few occasions that clinical rinderpest was subsequently found, it was always within this provisional infected area. Emergency vaccination campaigns within the infected area ran from January to the end of March 1997 but were halted by the onset of the long rains. At this time, seromonitoring in two districts showed that viral persistence was still theoretically possible and therefore a second round of emergency vaccination was immediately organized. Further seromonitoring then indicated a large number of villages with population antibody prevalences of over 85%. These populations were considered to have been `immunosterilized'. Although no clinical disease had been observed in them, it was decided to undertake additional vaccination in a group of districts to the south of the infected area. Serosurveillance indicated that rinderpest could have been present in a number of these districts prior to vaccination. Serosurveillance in 1998 suggested that numerous vaccinated animals had probably moved into districts outside the infected and additional vaccination areas, but did not rule out the continued presence of field infection.     

三角帆蚌蚌瘟病原的初步探讨

探讨了三个水产场三角帆蚌大批死亡的病因。取病料经匀浆、离心后取上清液,再经青霉素、链霉素处理或微孔滤膜过滤除菌,人工感染健康三角帆蚌均能引起发病死亡,并能连续传代。其症状和病理解剖变化与自然发病的蚌相似。病原病毒粒子有囊膜,核衣壳呈二十面体对称,大小80～120nm,暂称为蚌的类疱疹病毒。含毒病料置50％甘油磷酸盐缓冲液中,在0～4℃冰箱保存6个月,-20℃低温冰箱中保存一年半,仍有致病力。     

一株鸭瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

从湖北省武汉市某种鸭场送检的死亡鸭肝脏中分离到1株病毒,结合流行病学调查,剖检病理变化特征初步诊断为鸭瘟病毒感染。根据Gen Bank上公布的鸭瘟病毒UL6基因序列设计一对引物,提取病毒核酸DNA进行PCR扩增,得到大小约为416 bp的目的片段。测序结果表明与Gen Bank上公布的鸭瘟病毒UL6基因的序列相似性达到99%。鸭胚感染试验表明,感染的鸭胚在第四天开始死亡,并出现典型的鸭瘟病毒感染症状。上述结果表明,该种鸭场种鸭死亡是由鸭瘟病毒所引起的。     

野生水禽鸭瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

取急性死亡的某动物园野生水禽进行病毒分离,通过鸡(鸭)胚接种、动物回归试验、病毒主要理化特性测定、免疫预防试验等证实分离株为鸭瘟病毒,揭示野生水禽完全有自然感染鸭瘟的可能性,家鸭与野生水禽在相互间传播鸭瘟病毒上具有双向性.