Structure,function and signal transduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2

Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels out of pre-existing capillaries, is very important in many physiologic and pathologic processes, such as embryonic development, cancer, retinopathies, etc. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a key role in angiogenesis. In this review, we discussed the structure, function and signal transduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Understanding these should provide important insights into how new strategies can be devised to interfere in the physiologic and pathologic processes involved in angiogensis.     

Dyserythropoeisis, sideroblasts/siderocytes and hemoglobin crystallization in a dog

Dyserythropoiesis characterized by enhanced intramedullary destruction, pathologic sideroblasts and siderocytes, and hemoglobin crystallization was detected in a female Cocker Spaniel presented for poor exercise tolerance. Examination of peripheral blood revealed intraerythrocytic crystals, granulation of erythrocytes, nucleated erythroid cells, reticulocytosis and marked variation in erythrocyte morphology in the absence of anemia. Bone marrow examination revealed sideroblasts, a low M:E ratio and evidence of enhanced intramedullary destruction of erythroid cells. Electron microscopy of peripheral blood and bone marrow confirmed pathologic mitochondrial iron accumulation in erythroid cells and the presence of intraerythrocytic hemoglobin crystals. A cause for the hematologic changes was not identified. After the animal became clinically normal, siderocytes disappeared from peripheral blood but intraerythrocytic crystals and reticulocytosis persisted.     

内毒素介导动物急性肾功能衰竭机理的试验研究

为了阐明内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭的机理,观察了内毒素性肾功能衰竭家兔血液凝固性变化和肾脏的病理形态学变化。与对照组家兔比较,模型组家兔血小板计数和血浆纤维蛋白原含量极显著降低(P<0 01),出血时间、凝血时间、凝血酶原时间和白陶土部分凝血活酶生成时间显著或极显著延长(P<0 05,P<0 01)。另一方面,内毒素注射在全部模型组家兔导致了弥漫性血管内凝血,71.4%的肾小球中发现了微血栓,肾小球纤维素密度指数达60 6%。此外,96.2%的肾小管上皮细胞变性坏死,84.1%的肾小管中有管型形成。对照组家兔均未发现这些病理变化。上述试验结果揭示,内毒素引发了弥漫性血管内凝血,而肾小球毛细血管内广泛形成的微血栓阻断了肾小球毛细血管血流,从而导致肾小球滤过率降低,这是内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭的首要机理。此外,肾小管上皮细胞的变性、坏死可损害其重吸收和分泌功能,管型形成可阻塞肾小管管腔并增大肾球囊内的压力,这些也都是在内毒素介导急性肾功能衰竭发生发展过程中起重要作用的因素。     

Carbonic anhydrase and Na/K-ATPase activities at different molting stages of the giant freshwater prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Na/K-ATPase in the gill and epidermal tissues in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was examined as a function of molting stage. CA activity levels in the front and back gills were low at the intermolt stage C₀, but increased significantly at premolt stage D₃, and then decreased after molting. In the epidermal tissue, activity levels decreased gradually towards premolt to a minimum level at stage D₃, but became elevated at postmolt stages A and B. Na/K-ATPase levels in the front and back gills did not change significantly during the molt cycle. CA in the gill is possibly involved in supplying counter-ions for ion uptake, while CA in the epidermal tissue may play a role in mineralizing the exoskeleton after ecdysis. Na/K-ATPase in the gills may function in ion uptake from the ambient medium; however, since its activity was not influenced by the molt cycle, it probably does not have a major role in osmoregulation in the freshwater environment.     

Molecular characterization of coral sulfate transporter homolog that is up-regulated by the presence of symbiotic algae

Reef-building corals are in symbiosis with the dinoflagellates Symbiodinium spp. In our previous study, the expression of two mRNAs (AtSym-01 and 02) was up-regulated by the presence of Symbiodinium cells (strain PL-TS-1) in juveniles of the reef-building coral Acropora tenuis. In this study, the AtSym-01 mRNA was found to encode a cnidarian ortholog of the vertebrate SLC26A11 sulfate transporter. The AtSym-01 and human SLC26A11 proteins exhibited 46% identity over 542 amino acids. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression level of the AtSym-01 mRNA was also increased by the presence of Symbiodinium strain CCMP2467 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using polyclonal antibodies against the AtSym-01 protein, in order to study the distribution of the protein in A. tenuis tissues. Cell-specific immunoreaction was observed in diverse tissues in juvenile and adult specimens. Notable immunoreaction was observed in mucocytes (mucus cells) in the outer epithelium of juveniles, and gastrodermal cells located between the coelenteron and skeleton of the adult colony. These observations suggest the possibility that the AtSym-01 protein is involved in uptake of sulfate ion for synthesis of sulfated macromolecules that are contained in the mucus and organic matrix of the calcified skeleton.     

家兔感染黄艾美耳球虫的病理学变化及卵囊形成的观察

用２０００个孢子化的黄艾美耳球虫卵囊灌胃感染无球虫兔，２４０ｈ手术后取肠道样品，制片，光镜观察，结果表明，黄艾美耳球虫为家兔的强致病种，感染后盲肠的组织病理学变化最严重；盲肠基部是卵囊形成的主要部位．圆小囊，蚓突，结肠是卵囊形成的次要部位。     

棘豆属植物及其有毒成分的中毒病理学研究

对棘豆属植物中的生物碱提取、分离和鉴定后，证实生物碱中含有苦马豆素。通过对两组小白鼠分别饲添加棘豆属植物粉和生物碱的中毒实验，发现两组小白鼠都发生中毒，其临床症状，剖检变化，病理组织变化基本相同，表明生物碱是棘豆属植物中主要毒性成分，实验除采用常规Ｈ．Ｅ染色外，还应用组织化学和透射电镜等检测手段，较细致地观察了小白鼠束棘豆中毒后的病理变化。     

不同石灰化程度板栗中淀粉代谢及蔗糖含量变化

【目的】研究不同石灰化程度板栗中淀粉代谢及蔗糖含量的变化,探讨板栗石灰化发生与上述指标变化的关系,为进一步揭示板栗石灰化发生机理提供依据。【方法】以新鲜板栗为试材,进行常温贮藏,相对湿度60%—70%。贮藏一定时间后,将板栗石灰化程度分成5个等级0、30%、60%、90%、100%,测定不同石灰化程度板栗中水分含量、淀粉酶活性、淀粉含量和蔗糖含量的变化。【结果】随着板栗石灰化程度的加深,板栗的水分含量和淀粉逐渐减少,表现为明显的负相关关系,相关系数分别为r＝-0.946和r＝-0.950;而α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性均随着板栗石灰化程度的加深呈先升后降的趋势,蔗糖含量则逐渐增加。【结论】板栗石灰化发生与板栗失水诱导淀粉酶活性增强、导致淀粉不断分解致使含量减少、引起淀粉晶体结构及理化性能发生改变密切相关,与蔗糖含量无关。