貉受精的细胞学和X射线微区分析研究

应用电子显微镜和Ｘ射线微分析技术，对貉受精过程和受精卵膜元素研究的结果表明，貉卵子的卵丘细胞具有吞噬和过滤功能；卵丘细胞间的精子顶体尚未发生囊泡化，而附着于透明带的精子发生了顶体反应，并以８０°角穿入透明带，在其穿入的前方打开一个通道，最后穿过。穿过透明带的精子以赤道段或顶体后区同卵膜融合，并激发皮质颗粒释放，接着穿入卵内，最终发育成雌、雄原核。原核期受精卵质膜上具有高含量的钙，并呈集团分布，它在皮质颗粒胞吐释放中起着重要作用。     

油菜基质块苗移栽机取苗装置设计与试验

针对现有油菜基质块苗取苗装置在取苗过程易脱苗和基质损失率高等问题,设计了一种往复夹取式取苗装置。根据垂直苗盘取苗、平行铅垂线投苗的取苗臂位置要求,确定了取苗装置各构件尺寸关系,构建了取苗臂的运动学模型,得出其位移方程及相对运动轨迹。以减小取苗轨迹水平间距及取苗轨迹高度为优化目标,基于Matlab软件优化取苗装置各构件参数为：主动杆长度75.10mm,取苗臂长度335.26mm,从动杆长度100.42mm,机架长度171.32mm,该参数组合下,取苗轨迹水平间距为173.20mm,取苗轨迹高度为29.56mm。构建了取苗回程苗块的动力学模型,分析了苗块临界脱苗方程,结合苗块力学特性参数测定试验,得出最小取苗夹持力为7.07N,确定了末端执行器气缸缸径为20mm。应用ADAMS软件获得仿真取苗轨迹,运用高速摄影技术测定实际取苗轨迹高度和取苗轨迹水平间距,经对比分析,实际值与理论值、仿真值的相对误差均小于3%,验证了取苗装置设计的合理性。台架试验表明,取苗成功率为93.33%,脱苗率为2.86%,基质损失率为3.75%,满足油菜基质块苗移栽要求。     

Evaluation of ovum storage techniques for reproductive studies of fishes

Abstract– We compared dry masses of mature oocytes and ripe eggs from Etheostoma lynceum and Etheostoma caeruleum that were stored in varying concentrations of either formalin or isopropyl alcohol. In comparison to 10% formalin, alcohol significantly reduced the weights of both mature oocytes and ripe eggs, with 25% isopropyl alcohol resulting in much smaller reductions than 50% isopropanol. Three percent formalin resulted in smaller decreases in the masses of oocytes and eggs than the alcohol treatments, and not all comparisons with 10% formalin were significantly different. We recommend fixing specimens and storing them and gametic cells removed from them in 10% formalin. In cases where specimens or eggs in alcohol must be used in addition to material in formalin, correction factors (to formalin standard) should be developed, but the correction should not be made uncritically due to the varying effects alcohol may have among samples.     

四种植物提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵的毒杀效果

以斜纹夜蛾卵为研究对象．对雷公藤Tripter gium wilfordii茎、皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam．刺、苦参Sophora flavescens和博落茴Macleya cordata等4种植物材料的正已烷及乙酸乙酯提取物的杀卵活性进行了测定。结果表明：博落茴的乙酸乙酯提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵有较好的杀伤力,校正未孵化率高达95．63%;雷公藤的乙酸乙酯提取物和苦参的正已烷提取物对斜纹夜蛾卵的孵化也有明显的抑制作用。     

华山松木蠹象卵蛹及羽化孔空间分布型研究

对华山松木蠹象的卵、蛹及羽化孔的空间分布型研究,表明了该虫的卵、蛹、羽化孔在华山松上的分布均为聚集型,根据切比雪夫定理,应用最小二乘法求解,得出华山松木蠹象卵、蛹及羽化孔的空间分布模型.     

青皮竹与水稻远缘杂交育种关键技术研究

采用青皮竹与水稻进行远缘杂交,从中选育出竹稻966和竹稻989,用于农业生产,属国内首创。核心部分:研究的关键技术:1、掌握青皮竹开花习性。每年3￣6月为开花季节,每天早晨5:00￣7:00为盛花时段,花粉超过25℃易干死。2、选择最佳母本和授粉授精最佳时段。采用饶科F4作母本,并于早晨5:00用45℃￣46℃温水处理3￣4min杀死水稻雄性花粉后套袋,再收集青皮竹的花粉授粉2￣3次,又随即套袋。3、采用0.05%的秋水素液浸杂种一代的宿根分蘖苗3h。4、采用二种竹稻的复合体进行反复回交、复交。不能忽略部分:青皮竹的开花习性,选择最佳母本和杀雄授粉的最佳时段,0.05%的秋水仙素液处理杂种一代的蓿根分蘖苗,用二种竹稻的复合体回交、复交。     

波尔山羊活体采卵与卵母细胞体外受精技术

对10只不孕不育波尔母山羊采用超数排卵、活体采卵、卵母细胞体外成熟培养以及体外受精等技术方法,探讨其是否能正常繁育后代。试验中6只供体经超数排卵处理,在发情前利用特制的采卵装置进行活体采卵,共采集到30枚形态学正常的卵母细胞。经过体外成熟培养,有21枚成熟卵母细胞进行了体外受精处理和培养,获得16枚2 细胞胚胎,移植到4只同期发情的当地山羊受体输卵管内,经妊娠检验,有两只受体受孕,其中1只受体产出正常羔羊2只。该技术经进一步改进完善后可望作为不孕不育波尔山羊繁殖后代的辅助生育技术。     

蔬菜穴盘苗自动精确移栽组合式取苗机构设计与测试

Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a laboratory.The seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays, transfer them, and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the ground.It consisted of a path manipulator and two grippers.The path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design of Ⅱ-type mechanism combination in series.It consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism.According to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory, the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector equation.The gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction.It consisted of multiple pick-up pins, U-type pull rod, shaft, stop block, compression spring and frame.The mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint conditions.The final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or not.According to the analysis on the work process, the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching, penetrating, extracting, transferring, erecting and discharging a seedling.Taking pepper seedlings, tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects, the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up device.The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.     

籽用瓜联合收获机捡拾器试验研究

为提高籽瓜机械化收获作业质量,满足农艺要求,改进设计了籽瓜联合收获机的捡拾器,阐述分析了捡拾器总体结构及工作原理,优化了活动机架底板、捡拾弹齿和弹齿座杆总成结构参数。为研究捡拾器最佳工作参数,以行走速度、捡拾装置转速和座杆间距为试验因素,捡拾破损率和漏捡率为试验指标,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验,通过极差分析找出各性能指标影响因素的主次顺序和较优组合。试验结果表明:当行驶速度为1.5 km/h、捡拾装置转速为1 5 0 r/min、座杆间距为5 0 8.0 mm时,捡拾作业性能最优,其捡拾破损率为6.7%,漏捡率为3.2%。田间适应性收获试验表明:捡拾器对不同大小类型籽瓜品种均具有良好的适应性。     

Streamflow environment predicts divergent life history phenotypes among populations of the Blacktail Shiner Cyprinella venusta: Temporal stability of a large‐scale pattern

Egg size variation among 16 Gulf Coast populations of Cyprinella venusta, the Blacktail Shiner, previously was shown to be significantly correlated with annual stream runoff. In this study, we examined egg size across multiple years and seasons in a subset of the original populations, focusing on three streams that differed widely in annual stream runoff. These populations appear to have been derived independently, possibly nearly synchronously in geological time, from an ancestral form. Thus, they can be considered statistically independent. Most of the variation in egg size was attributable to differences across the three populations. Although annual and seasonal variation was present, the three populations shifted similarly on both of these time scales. The results support an earlier hypothesis that streamflow, quantified using mean annual runoff, is a strong selective influence on egg size, hence offspring size, favouring larger egg size in populations inhabiting streams with greater levels of runoff.