刺槐单株生物量动态研究

本文依据420株刺槐生物量及23株树干解析资料,应用灰色Verhulst模型,对太行山坡地刺槐林单株干、枝、叶、根生物量动态进行了研究,分别建立了预测模型,预测了各器官生长的速生期和停止生长林龄,为实现刺槐林的多目标经营提供决策依据。     

荔枝害虫群落结构及其动态研究

以栽培品种ＮＣ８９为对照,通过室内饲养和组织切片,系统研究了转双基因抗虫烟草对烟夜蛾和小地老虎幼虫的抗性表现。结果表明,转双基因抗虫烟草对烟夜蛾幼虫具有稳定的杀虫作用,取食后２－３ｄ死亡,死亡率达１００％,不同龄期间表现一致;对小地老虎幼虫个有一定的杀虫作用,其抗性随龄期的增加而减弱,１龄死亡率为４８％,２龄为２８％,３龄以后死亡率为０,但对各龄幼虫的生长发育均具有明显的抑制作用。     

印楝杀虫剂防治蝗虫的应用前景

印楝杀虫剂是公认的最优秀的生物农药之一，在环境中无残留，对非靶标生物安全，对中华稻蝗(Oxyachinensis)、东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)、黄脊竹蝗(Ceraoris kiangsu)、青脊竹蝗(Ceraoris nigricornis)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、血黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)和泣黑背蝗(Eyprepocnermis plorclnS)等多种蝗虫具有优异的杀虫活性，并具有独特的杀虫作用机理，是防治蝗虫的理想药剂。     

构建云南省香料烟产业科技公共服务平台的思路及应用前景

根据云南省香料烟产业发展的现状及存在问题,指出构建云南省香料烟产业科技公共服务平台的必要性,并简要阐述了香料烟产业科技公共服务服务平台的建设思路及应用前景.     

不同温度下东方粘虫年龄-阶段两性实验种群生命表的构建

为明确不同温度对东方粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)种群动态的影响,建立东方粘虫种群动态模型,利用年龄-阶段两性种群生命表得到了室内不同温度下东方粘虫种群的发育历期、存活率、繁殖力和种群生命表参数,并基于种群生命表参数预测了2个月内东方粘虫的种群动态。结果表明,东方粘虫各虫态的发育历期和产卵前期随温度的升高而显著缩短。24℃下,东方粘虫单雌平均产卵量为717.1粒,显著高于其它温度下;成虫寿命也显著高于其它温度下,且雄蛾寿命显著长于雌蛾,分别为15.3 d和13.0 d;卵孵化存活到成虫的概率、幼虫存活率和化蛹率均最高,分别为66.7%、68.9%和96.8%。内禀增长率随温度的升高而显著增加,平均世代周期则显著降低,18、21、24、27、30℃下分别为0.051、0.077、0.113、0.121、0.156 d-1和77.2、61.3、49.0、40.3、31.5 d;周限增长率也随温度的升高而增加,分别为1.05、1.08、1.12、1.13、1.17 d-1;净增殖率在24℃下为257.1,显著高于其它温度下,其它温度条件下无显著差异。表明东方粘虫在18~30℃范围内都能完成生长发育和生殖,24℃下种群存活率高、繁殖力大、世代周期较短,更适合种群增长。     

Comparative laboratory evaluation of the acute and chronic toxicology of diflubenzuron,hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron against II instar desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The acute and chronic toxicities of three benzoylphenyl ureas, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron were assessed under laboratory conditions against two-day-old second (II) instar Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (ForskÅl) nymphs. Following exposure by ingestion of a single precise dose applied to short pieces of spring barley, nymphs were monitored for two moults until the fourth (IV) instar. Analysis of acute response data gave three significantly different LD₅₀ statistics (P < 0·05), 68·0, 26·6 and 0·71 μg per nymph respectively for diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and teflubenzuron. The probit regression slopes also differed significantly, indicating distinct tolerance distributions for the three compounds, the narrowest response being to diflubenzuron and the widest range of response being to teflubenzuron. The timing of death was found to vary between the compounds; most nymphs died during the first moult following treatment with either hexaflumuron or teflubenzuron. However, the majority of nymphs that died after exposure to diflubenzuron did so after completing the first moult after treatment, but before the second. The mean development times of nymphs during the II and especially third (III) instars were significantly longer (P < 0·05) than those of the controls following exposure to diflubenzuron and hexaflumuron. Teflubenzuron had no significant effect (P < 0·05) on the duration of the II instar. The potential of the three compounds to control S. gregaria populations in the field is discussed with particular reference to the timing and nature of acute and chronic responses.     

Impact of Honey Bee Migratory Management on Pathogen Loads and Immune Gene Expression is Affected by Complex Interactions With Environment,Worker Life History,and Season

The effects of honey bee management, such as intensive migratory beekeeping, are part of the ongoing debate concerning causes of colony health problems. Even though comparisons of disease and pathogen loads among differently managed colonies indicate some effects, the direct impact of migratory practices on honey bee pathogens is poorly understood. To test long- and short-term impacts of managed migration on pathogen loads and immunity, experimental honey bee colonies were maintained with or without migratory movement. Individuals that experienced migration as juveniles (e.g., larval and pupal development), as adults, or both were compared to control colonies that remained stationary and therefore did not experience migratory relocation. Samples at different ages and life-history stages (hive bees or foragers), taken at the beginning and end of the active season, were analyzed for pathogen loads and physiological markers of health. Bees exposed to migratory management during adulthood had increased levels of the AKI virus complex (Acute bee paralysis, Kashmir bee, and Israeli acute bee paralysis viruses) and decreased levels of antiviral gene expression (dicer-like). However, those in stationary management as adults had elevated gut parasites (i.e. trypanosomes). Effects of environment during juvenile development were more complex and interacted with life-history stage and season. Age at collection, life-history stage, and season all influenced numerous factors from viral load to immune gene expression. Although the factors that we examined are not independent, the results illuminate potential factors in both migratory and nonmigratory beekeeping that are likely to contribute to colony stress, and also indicate potential mitigation measures.     

拟输日本芒果蒸热杀虫处理试验研究

用蒸热处理的方法,可杀死接入鲜芒果中的桔小实蝇Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ（Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ）ｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｎｄｅｌ）的卵和幼虫。经测定,１龄幼虫较２４ｈ卵和２～３龄幼虫对蒸热高温更具忍耐力。在蒸热果实中心温度升至４７℃时,保持１０ｍｉｎ,可将４９６０２．６头２龄幼虫完全杀死。处理试验的结果,完全符合日本政府的植物检疫要求。     

杨树刺槐混交林及纯林土壤酶活性的季节性动态研究

测定了22年生杨树、刺槐混交林及纯林根际和非根际土壤中与氮、磷养分转化相关的酶活性的季节性动态变化. 结果表明,混交后非根际土壤的脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶活性比纯林提高50%～100%;但对于根际土壤,混交后杨树有所提高,而刺槐则有所下降. 说明混交后更有利于氮、磷养分的转化,并且杨树得益大于刺槐.     

刺槐种群生物量动态研究

研究了河北省太行山刺槐种群乔木层生物量、各组分量及种群密度的动态规律。结果表明，刺槐种群自人工造林伊始，其种群总生物量、各组分量、种群密度（断面积表示）即表现出速增性，约至１２ａ生达到峰值，基本符合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ规律。此后随个体间竞争的加剧，自疏作用加强，种群呈不稳定状态，种群密度和生物量下降，由一个同龄纯林逐渐趋向于具有多代个体年龄结构稳定的群体，并使种群生物量回复到一个相对稳定水平。本文还建立了生物量及各组分量与种群年龄、密度的相关模型，及Ｗ～ｆ（Ａ，Ｇ，Ｈ）多元线性回归议程。